研究了光伏阵列在复杂环境下易出现的线-地故障、单极接地及雨天接地等故障。针对低辐照度或较高比例失配时线-地故障无法有效检测的问题,提出基于多辐照模式的关键参量变化规律,确定最右功率峰值电压VRPP、最右功率峰值电流IRPP为线-地故障特征量。通过皮尔森相关系数分析故障极与非故障极的电压相关性,确定单极接地故障特征量。针对雨天接地故障产生共模电流的机理,基于小波变换和总谐波畸变率提出故障特征量。最终,构建基于改进布谷鸟搜索算法优化支持向量机（ICS-SVM）的光伏阵列接地故障诊断模型,并通过晴天和雨天不同辐照度的仿真和实验验证,证实了所提接地故障特征量的有效性及模型的诊断精度与收敛速度。
Abstract
The line-ground faults, unipolar grounding and rainy day grounding faults that tend to occur in photovoltaic arrays in complex environments are investigated. In view of the ineffective detection of line-ground faults under low irradiance or high mismatch ratio, the variation patterns of key parameters based on the multi-irradiance modes are proposed, and the rightmost power peak voltage VRPP, the rightmost power peak current IRPP are determined as the feature quantities of line-ground faults. The voltage correlation between faulted and non-faulted poles is analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the feature quantity of unipolar grounding fault. In view of the mechanism of common mode current generated by rainy day grounding fault, the fault feature quantity is proposed based on wavelet transform and total harmonic distortion rate. Finally, the ground fault diagnosis model of PV array based on improved cuckoo search algorithm optimised support vector machines （ICS-SVM） is constructed, and the validity of the proposed ground fault feature, the diagnostic accuracy and convergence speed of the model are confirmed by simulation and experimental validation under different irradiance levels on sunny and rainy days.
关键词
光伏 /
接地 /
故障诊断 /
支持向量机 /
特征提取 /
失配
Key words
photovoltaics /
grounding /
fault diagnosis /
support vector machines /
feature extraction /
mismatch
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基金
中央引导地方科技发展资金（216Z1011G）
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