采用三维超声波风速仪,对内蒙古呼和浩特市某建筑环境内的风场特征开展现场测量实验,将10 Hz实验数据分别处理为采样频率为5、2和1 Hz的子数据样本,及平均周期为10、5及1 min的子数据样本,探寻分析采样频率和平均周期对建筑环境内风速、风向、湍流强度及湍流功率谱密度等参数的影响,结果表明：1 Hz采样频率即能准确捕捉建筑环境内风速和风向特征,而无需追求过高的采样频率;采用1 min平均周期能保留更多远大于或远小于平均风速的实际风速值,由此计算的风功率密度更接近实际情况;平均周期对风向频率有轻微的影响,但并不会改变测点风向分布特征和主风向;采样频率对建筑环境内湍流强度和湍流功率密度均不存在影响;采用1 min平均周期时建筑环境内的湍流强度和湍流功率谱密度均相对较小,采用10 min平均周期可能高估建筑环境内风场湍流强度,但却提供较为保险的风力机载荷分析依据。
Abstract
The wind measurement experiment was conducted by using three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometers in the building environment in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and the collected wind data were processed into sub-data samples with sampling frequencies of 10 Hz, 5 Hz, 2 Hz and 1 Hz and sub-data samples with averaging periods of 10 min, 5 min and 1 min, respectively. The effects of sampling frequency and average period on wind speed, wind direction, turbulence intensity and turbulence power spectral density in the built environment were explored and analyzed. The results show that the wind field characteristics can be accurately captured by using a 1 Hz sampling frequency, without pursuing too high sampling frequency. Wind speeds which are much larger or smaller than the average wind speed can be retained by using1min averaging period, and the wind power density calculated is closer to the actual situation. While the averaging period has a slight influence on the wind direction frequency, but does not change the wind direction distribution characteristics and the main wind direction. Meanwhile, the averaging period has no effect on the turbulence intensity and turbulence power spectral density in the building environment. The turbulence intensity and turbulence power spectral spectrum density under a 1 min averaging period are relatively smaller. However, the turbulence intensity may be overestimated under a 10 min averaging period in the building environment, but it provides a relatively safe basis for wind turbine load analysis.
关键词
城市风能 /
风功率密度 /
采样频率 /
平均周期 /
湍流强度 /
湍流功率谱
Key words
urban wind energy /
wind power density /
sampling frequency /
averaging period /
turbulence intensity /
turbulence power density
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基金
内蒙古自然科学基金（2019LH05024）; 内蒙古自治区科技计划（2022YFHH0048）; 内蒙古自然科学基金（2024MS05068）; 国家自然科学基金（52368010）
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