利用福建省平潭岛附近3座海上测风塔观测的7个台风个例资料,分析发现当测风塔位于台风前进方向左侧,风向呈逆时针变化,位于右侧风向呈顺时针变化。仅当台风中心经过测风塔时才会出现180°/30 min的转变特征。根据台风影响期间气压、风速、风向变化和台风路径距离测风塔远近,将台风影响期间分为前眼壁区、台风眼和后眼壁区3个时段计算其湍流强度、阵风系数、风垂直切变指数和风向变化,结果表明：所有时段湍流强度10 m高度最大;30 m以上湍流强度垂直变化不大,其中第1时段最小,为0.07~0.10;第2时段为0.09~0.12;第3时段差别较大。10 m高度阵风系数最大,其值为1.26~1.60;40~90 m阵风系数为1.20~1.45,其中第1时段最小为1.18~1.30,第3时段最大为1.12~1.45,第2时段大小居中为1.20~1.38。①号和④号测风塔第1时段和第2时段风主要来自海上,10~40 m风切变指数略大于40~90 m;第3时段风主要来自陆上,风切变指数略大于前两个时段。
Abstract
Using the data of 7 typhoon cases by 3 offshore masts near Pingtan in Fujian Province, the analysis shows that when the masts are located on the left side of the typhoon’s forward direction, the wind direction changes counterclockwise, and when the mast is located on the right side, the wind direction changes clockwise. 180°/30 min only occurs when the center of the typhoon passes the masts. According to the changes of air pressure, wind speed, wind direction and the distance of the typhoon path from the mast during the typhoon period, the turbulence intensity, gust coefficient; Wind vertical shear index and wind direction change were calculated in three periods,such as the front eye wall area, the typhoon eye and the rear eye wall area. The results show that the turbulence intensity is the largest at 10 m in all periods with a value of 0.10-0.19, and the turbulence intensity above 30 m has little vertical variation, and the first period is the smallest. It is 0.07-0.10, the second period was 0.09-0.12, there was a large difference in the third period. The gust coefficient is the highest at 10 m, with a value of 1.26-1.60, and 1.2-1.45 at 40-90 m, The minimum in the first period is 1.18-1.30, the maximum in the third period is 1.12-1.45, and the middle in the second period is 1.20-1.38. The wind shear index at 10-40 m during the first and second periods for wind measurement towers 1 and 2 is slightly higher than that of 40-90 m, because the wind mainly comes from the sea during the two periods. The wind shear index in the third period is slightly higher than that in the first and second periods, because the wind in the third period mainly comes from land.
关键词
风电场 /
台风 /
近地层风 /
湍流强度 /
阵风系数 /
风垂直切变
Key words
wind farm /
typhoon /
near-surface wind /
turbulence intensity /
gust coefficient /
wind vertical shear
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基金
福建省气象局（中国气象局海峡灾害天气重点开放实验室）开放式科研基金项（2022K01）
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