低温-应力联合老化下环氧树脂微观结构变化及对直流电气性能的影响机制

张云霄; 池正南; 刘育豪; 林温馨; 高岩峰

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1906

PDF(2143 KB)

太阳能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3) : 80-88. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1906

低温-应力联合老化下环氧树脂微观结构变化及对直流电气性能的影响机制

张云霄¹, 池正南¹, 刘育豪¹, 林温馨¹, 高岩峰²

作者信息 +

MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO MICROSTRUCTURE CHANGES OF EPOXY RESIN ON DC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE-STRESS COUPLING AGING

Zhang Yunxiao¹, Chi Zhengnan¹, Liu Yuhao¹, Lin Wenxin¹, Gao Yanfeng²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为了探究低温-应力联合作用下绝缘材料老化特性,选用环氧树脂材料,开展不同压力（0~0.3 MPa）及低温（-30 ℃）作用下环氧树脂老化试验,测试不同老化阶段的环氧树脂微观特性及电气性能,分析低温-应力联合作用对环氧树脂电气性能的影响机制。结果表明：在相同应力下,随着老化时间的增加,环氧树脂内裂纹加宽加深,且数量显著增多。随着施加应力从0 MPa增加到0.3 MPa,直流击穿电压整体呈下降趋势,电导率显著上升,材料深、浅陷阱密度增大。这主要是由低温和高应力联合作用下产生更多微裂纹引起的。特别地,低温与0.3 MPa应力联合老化30 d后,环氧树脂直流击穿性能下降32.0%,直流电导提升16.3倍。

Abstract

In order to explore the aging characteristics of insulating materials under the combined action of low temperature-stress, in this paper, epoxy resin material is selected. The aging test of epoxy resin under different pressures （0-0.3 MPa） and low temperature （-30 ℃） was carried out, and the microscopic and electrical properties of epoxy resin in different aging stages were tested, and the influence mechanism of low temperature-stress combined effect on the electrical properties of epoxy resin was analyzed. The results show that under the same stress, with the increase of aging time, the cracks in the epoxy resin widen and deepen, and the number increases significantly. As the applied stress increases from 0 MPa to 0.3 MPa, the DC breakdown voltage decreases as a whole, the conductivity increases significantly, and the densities of deep and shallow traps increase. This is mainly caused by the formation of more microcracks under the combined action of low temperature and high stress. In particular, after 30 days of combined aging with low temperature and 0.3 MPa stress, the DC breakdown performance of epoxy resin decreased by 32.0%, and the DC conductivity increased by 16.3 times.

导出引用

张云霄, 池正南, 刘育豪, 林温馨, 高岩峰. 低温-应力联合老化下环氧树脂微观结构变化及对直流电气性能的影响机制[J]. 太阳能学报. 2026, 47(3): 80-88 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1906

Zhang Yunxiao, Chi Zhengnan, Liu Yuhao, Lin Wenxin, Gao Yanfeng. MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO MICROSTRUCTURE CHANGES OF EPOXY RESIN ON DC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE-STRESS COUPLING AGING[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(3): 80-88 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1906

中图分类号： TM211

参考文献

[1] 李岩, 冯俊杰, 卢毓欣, 等. 大容量远海风电柔性直流送出关键技术与展望[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(9):3384-3393.
LI Y, FENG J J, LU Y X, et al.Key technology and prospect of flexible DC transmission for large-capacity offshore wind power[J]. High voltage engineering, 2022, 48(9): 3384-3393.
[2] 李国倡, 王家兴, 魏艳慧, 等. 高压直流电缆附件XLPE/SIR材料特性及界面电荷积聚对电场分布的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(14): 3081-3089.
LI G C, WANG J X, WEI Y H, et al.Effect of material properties of XLPE/SIR and interface charge accumulation on electric field distribution of HVDC cable accessory[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(14): 3081-3089.
[3] 陈鹤林, 郑晓云. 海上风电多端柔性直流并网系统频率支持研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(3): 356-365.
CHEN H L, ZHENG X Y.Research on frequency support of offshore wind power vsc-mtdc grid connected system[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(3): 356-365.
[4] 苗长林, 李惠文, 吕鹏梅, 等. 离子液体提取木质素及环氧树脂的合成[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42(1): 371-378.
MIAO C L, LI H W, LYU P M, et al.Ionic liquid extracted of lignin and synthesis of epoxy resin[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2021, 42(1): 371-378.
[5] 宋英琦. 环氧树脂增韧改性机理及方法的研究进展[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2024, 41(3): 108-112.
SONG Y Q.Research progress on the toughening mechanism and methods of epoxy resin[J]. Fiber composites, 2024, 41(3): 108-112.
[6] SETTEMBRE A, CANDELA R, CAVALLINI A, et al.Pre-breakdown leakage current of tangential dielectric interfaces with different coupling pressures[C]//2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Dielectrics(ICD). Palermo, Italy, 2022: 688-691.
[7] 李国倡, 王家兴, 魏艳慧, 等. 高压直流电缆附件XLPE/SIR材料特性及界面电荷积聚对电场分布的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(14): 3081-3089.
LI G C, WANG J X, WEI Y H, et al.Effect of material properties of XLPE/SIR and interface charge accumulation on electric field distribution of HVDC cable accessory[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(14): 3081-3089.
[8] 黄光磊, 李喆, 杨丰源, 等. 直流交联聚乙烯电缆泄漏电流试验特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(1): 192-201.
HUANG G L, LI Z, YANG F Y, et al.Experimental research on leakage current of DC cross linked polyethylene cable[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(1): 192-201.
[9] 孟兆通, 张天栋, 张昌海, 等. 电气绝缘用非线性电导材料研究进展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(21): 5691-5711.
MENG Z T, ZHANG T D, ZHANG C H, et al.Research progress of nonlinear conductive materials for electrical insulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(21): 5691-5711.
[10] 周远翔, 刘轩昊, 朱小倩, 等. 低温环境对环氧树脂电气性能的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(7): 2891-2899.
ZHOU Y X, LIU X H, ZHU X Q, et al.Influence of low-temperature environment on the electrical properties of epoxy resin[J]. High voltage engineering, 2023, 49(7): 2891-2899.
[11] 刘文斌. 低温环境下环氧树脂绝缘材料的电气特性研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2017.
LIU W B.Study on the electrical properties of epoxy resin insulation materials in low temperature environment[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2017.
[12] 杜伯学, 张苗苗, 姜恵兰, 等. 环氧树脂在低温环境下的电树枝生长特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(2): 478-484.
DU B X, ZHANG M M, JIANG H L, et al.Growth characteristics of electrical tree in epoxy resin under low temperature[J]. High voltage engineering, 2016, 42(2): 478-484.
[13] 杨国清, 刘庚, 王德意, 等. 超支化聚酯改性纳米SiO₂/环氧树脂的电树枝生长特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(20): 4415-4422.
YANG G Q, LIU G, WANG D Y, et al.Growth characteristics of electric tree for nano-SiO₂/epoxy resin modified by hyperbranched polyester[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(20): 4415-4422.
[14] LI H, WANG K, CHEN G, et al.Internal stress analysis of epoxy adhesively-boned joints based on their thermomechanical properties at cryogenic temperature[J]. Journal of applied polymer science, 2020, 137(43): 49311.
[15] GUO P X, LI J, ZHANG C, et al.Effects of mechanical stress on cohesive energy and energy level distribution of bisphenol-a epoxy resin[C]//2021 International Conference on Advanced Electrical Equipment and Reliable Operation (AEERO). Beijing, China, 2022: 1-4.
[16] KAWAMOTO A, SUZUOKI Y, IKEJIRI T, et al.Photocurrents and thermally stimulated currents in epoxy resin: effects of mechanical stress[J]. IEEE transactions on electrical insulation, 1988, 23(2): 201-208.
[17] 陈平, 刘胜平, 王德中. 环氧树脂及其应用[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2011: 66-67.
CHEN P, LIU S P, WANG D Z.Epoxy resin and its applications[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2011: 66-67.
[18] 孙曼灵. 热固性树脂基体的收缩与内应力[J]. 热固性树脂, 1993, 8(4): 49-55.
SUN M L.Contraction and internal stress of thermosetting resin matrixes[J]. Thermosetting resin, 1993, 8(4): 49-55.
[19] 徐航, 杜伯学, 苏金刚. 拉伸状态下聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体共混物的空间电荷和陷阱分布特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(2): 453-459.
XU H, DU B X, SU J G.Space charge behaviors and trap distributions of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blend under different elongation ratios[J]. High voltage engineering, 2017, 43(2): 453-459.
[20] LI C, LIU Z J, TANG J M, et al.Design, preparation, and performance characterization of low temperature environment-resistant composite resin matrix in rocket fuel[J]. Journal of King Saud University-science, 2023, 35(1): 102415.
[21] 王有元, 刘玉, 王施又, 等. 电热老化对干式变压器中环氧树脂特性的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(16): 3906-3916.
WANG Y Y, LIU Y, WANG S Y, et al.The effect of electrothermal aging on the properties of epoxy resin in dry-type transformer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(16): 3906-3916.
[22] 陈再良, 吕东显, 曹明宇, 等. 金属热处理残余应力与开裂失效关系的探讨[J]. 金属热处理, 2007, 32(S1): 40-44.
CHEN Z L, LYU D X, CAO M Y, et al.Space charge and trap distribution characteristics of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends under tension[J]. Heat treatment of metals, 2007, 32(S1): 40-44.
[23] 张志斌, 任明, 宋波, 等. 冷绝缘超导电缆终端用环氧玻璃钢材料绝缘劣化机制研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(5): 1690-1701.
ZHANG Z B, REN M, SONG B, et al.Insulation deterioration mechanism of glass fiber reinforced plastic used in cold dielectric superconducting cable terminal[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(5): 1690-1701.
[24] ZHANG B Y, ZHANG G X, WANG Q, et al.Suppression of surface charge accumulation on Al₂O₃-filled epoxy resin insulator under DC voltage by direct fluorination[J]. AIP advances, 2015, 5(12): 127207.
[25] 孙凯, 刘忆. 断裂力学理论及其研究方法在材料学中的应用[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 24(S1): 230-232.
SUN K, LIU Y.Break fracture mecanics theories and its research methods in material learned of application[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University(natural science), 2005, 24(S1): 230-232.
[26] JONES J P, LLEWELLYN J P, LEWIS T J.The contribution of field-induced morphological change to the electrical aging and breakdown of polyethylene[J]. IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation, 2005, 12(5): 951-966.
[27] 屠德民, 刘荣生, 吕永康, 等. 聚合物的空间电荷效应与电击穿机理[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 1990, 24(5): 109-114, 122.
TU D M, LIU R S, LYU Y K, et al.On the mechanism of electric breakdown and effect of space charge in polyethylene[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 1990, 24(5): 109-114, 122.
[28] 梁英, 张君成, 靳哲. 交流电晕老化对复合绝缘子体积电阻率-温度特性的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(12): 3875-3880.
LIANG Y, ZHANG J C, JIN Z.Characteristics of volume-resistivity and temperature under AC corona for composite insulators[J]. High voltage engineering, 2016, 42(12): 3875-3880.
[29] 梁英, 陈逸昕, 刘云鹏. 运行复合绝缘子材料的体积电阻率-温度特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(10): 312-317.
LIANG Y, CHEN Y X, LIU Y P.Research on characteristics of volume-resistivity and temperature for field composite insulators[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(10): 312-317.
[30] LIAO K S, CHEN H M, AWAD S, et al.Determination of free-volume properties in polymers without orthopositronium components in positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy[J]. Macromolecules, 2011, 44(17): 6818-6826.