为探究高效防除冰技术,采用叶片表面电加热方法,利用小型回流式结冰风洞开展风力机叶片除冰试验。试验采用聚酰亚胺电加热膜,覆盖全叶片表面。选取-10 ℃环境温度,10 m/s风速及8、10、12 kJ/（m2∙s）3种能流密度作为试验条件。观测叶片表面除冰过程,获得叶片前缘冰层变化特征,分析除冰过程产生的融化水特征。试验结果表明,随着电加热能流密度的增加,叶片表面冰层脱落速率加快,电热除冰能耗减少。约有80%的冰层在最后时刻整块脱落,且冰层脱落后叶片表面仍有融化水残留。不同能流密度条件下,融化水脱落区域位于65.43°~90.86°间。随着电加热能流密度的增加,融化水脱落区域同叶片前缘间距离呈先增大后减少的变化趋势。
Abstract
To explore efficient anti-icing and de-icing technologies, this paper employs electrical heating for wind turbine blade de-icing experiments in a small recirculating icing wind tunnel. Polyimide electrical heating films are used to cover the entire blade surface. The experimental conditions consist of an ambient temperature of-10 ℃, a wind speed of 10 m/s, and three energy flux densities： 8, 10, and 12 kJ/（m2∙s）. The de-icing process on the blade surface is observed, revealing the changes in the ice layer on the blade's leading edge. Additionally, the meltwater features produced during the de-icing process are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that as the energy flux density increases, the detachment rate of the ice layer accelerates. Furthermore, the energy consumption for electrothermal de-icing decreases. At the final stage, approximately 80% of the ice layer detaches in one piece, leaving meltwater residue on the blade surface. The meltwater detachment zone is between 65.43° and 90.86° under varying energy flux densities. As the energy flux density increases, the distance between the meltwater detachment zone and the blade's leading edge first increases and then decreases. This zone can provide a reference for addressing secondary icing issues in practical engineering.
关键词
风力机 /
除冰 /
电加热 /
叶片 /
玻璃钢 /
风洞
Key words
wind turbines /
de-icing /
electric heating /
blades /
fiber-reinforced plastic /
wind tunnels
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