以北京某安装光伏的农村住宅为研究对象,研究农村住宅光伏发电与居民用电特征,并以提高光伏贡献率和光伏自消纳率为目标,分析住宅光伏蓄电容量的适配。结果表明,农村住宅用电特征既与季节有关,也与是否为工作日有关;采用空气源热泵供暖时,供暖用电量占比较高,可达总用电量的43.2%;光伏发电与居民用电的不协同导致光伏贡献率和自消纳率均偏低,其中集中供暖、热泵供暖的光伏全年贡献率分别为52.8%、36.6%,消纳率分别为33.2%、38.5%;蓄电是提高光伏贡献率和自消纳率的重要且必要措施,蓄电可将集中供暖、热泵供暖的光伏自消纳率分别提升至约62.4%、64.9%,光伏贡献率分别提升至约99.5%、61.7%;光伏面积一定时,系统配置的蓄电容量超过特定值后,通过加大蓄电容量配置提高光伏在建筑中的贡献率和自消纳率已非合理、经济的方案。
Abstract
The characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and residential electricity consumption in a rural residential building installedwith photovoltaics in Beijing were studied, and the adaptation of photovoltaic power storage capacity with the objective of improving the contribution rate and self-consumption rate of photovoltaic power was analyzed. The results indicate that the electricity consumption characteristics of rural residential buildings are not only seasonal but also relateds to working days and non-working days, which means that the electricity consumption characteristics are closely related to residents’production and living behavior patterns. When the air source heat pump（ASHP） is used for heating, the proportion of heating electricity consumption is relatively high, reaching 43.2% of the total electricity consumption. The lack of coordination between photovoltaic power generation and residential electricity consumption in terms of time results in low contribution rate and self-consumption rate of photovoltaic power. The annual contribution rate of photovoltaic power, when the centralized heating and ASHP heating are used, are only 52.8% and 36.6%, respectively, and the self-consumption rate is only 33.2% and 38.5%, respectively. When electricity storage is used, the self-consumption rate of photovoltaic power has been increased to about 62.4% and 64.9% respectively, and the photovoltaic contribution rate has been increased to about 99.5% and 61.7% respectively. When the photovoltaic area is fixed, increasing the electricity storage capacity of the photovoltaic system is no longer a reasonable and economical solution when the electricity storage is beyond a specific value.
关键词
光伏发电 /
用电需求 /
电能存储 /
农村建筑 /
光伏贡献率 /
光伏自消纳率
Key words
photovoltaic power /
electricity demand /
electric energy storage /
rural residential building /
photovoltaic contribution rate /
photovoltaic self-consumption rate
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2019YFE0103000）; 北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（X18242; X18243）
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