研究揭示单玻隧穿氧化层钝化接触（TOPCon）组件在湿热条件下的3种失效机制：1）细栅线遭受腐蚀;2）焊带和主栅互连区域的腐蚀;3）焊带、主栅和电池片互连区域的失效。湿热失效的原因在于Ag-Al浆料、湿气、焊接助焊剂与封装材料（EPE/EVA）产生的乙酸及含有Na+和Cl-的污染物引起的电化学腐蚀,导致组件内部互连弱化,最终产生失效。通过对不同焊接方案的差异化研究,采用覆膜一体化焊接技术,凭借创新封装工艺能有效阻隔腐蚀介质渗透,表现出优异的抗湿热能力,可为提升单玻TOPCon组件的抗湿热性能提供解决方案。
Abstract
This investigation reveals three failure mechanisms of glass-backsheet tunnel oxide passivating contact （TOPCon） modules under damp heat conditions： 1） corrosion of the fine grid lines; 2） corrosion around the interconnected areas of the busbars and solder ribbons; and 3） failure of the solder ribbons, main busbars and cell interconnection regions. Damp heat failure is caused by electrochemical corrosion due to Ag-Al paste, moisture, acetic acid from solder fluxes and encapsulation materials （EPE/EVA）, and contaminants containing Na+ and Cl-, which leads to weakening of the interconnections within the component, and ultimately to failure. Through the comparative study of different welding solutions, the use of Integrated Film Covering welding technology can effectively block the penetration of corrosive media by virtue of the innovative encapsulation process, showing excellent resistance to damp heat, and providing the solution to enhance the damp-heat-resistant performance of the single-glass TOPCon modules.
关键词
隧穿氧化层钝化接触 /
湿热 /
失效模式 /
接触失效 /
电化学腐蚀 /
覆膜一体化焊接技术
Key words
tunnel oxide passivating contact /
damp heat /
failure modes /
contact failure /
electrochemical corrosion /
integrated film covering welding technology
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 唐圣学, 宋晓, 李明, 等. 光伏组件寿命衰退建模与寿命预测高斯随机过程回归方法研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(12): 41-49.
TANG S X, SONG X, LI M, et al.Research on lifetime degradation modeling and Gaussian stochastic process regression method for life prediction of photovoltaic modules[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(12): 41-49.
[2] PETERS I M, HAUCH J, BRABEC C, et al.The value of stability in photovoltaics[J]. Joule, 2021, 5(12): 3137-3153.
[3] 叶浩然, 何佳龙, 陈杨, 等. TOPCon太阳电池电子选择性接触研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(2): 475-479.
YE H R, HE J L, CHEN Y, et al.Research on electron selective contact of TOPCon solar cells[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(2): 475-479.
[4] 白宇, 何佳龙, 李君君, 等. 光电性能可调的TiN薄膜及在TOPCon太阳电池的应用[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(9): 72-77.
BAI Y, HE J L, LI J J, et al.TiN thin film with adjustable photoelectric performance and its application in TOPCon solar cell[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2023, 44(9): 72-77.
[5] 孟庆法, 田茜茜. 光伏组件PID失效与DH失效的微观分析研究[J]. 太阳能, 2021(2): 17-25.
MENG Q F, TIAN Q Q.Research on micro analysis of PID and DH failed PV modules[J]. Solar energy, 2021(2): 17-25.
[6] KARAS J, SINHA A, BUDDHA V S P, et al. Damp heat induced degradation of silicon heterojunction solar cells with Cu-plated contacts[J]. IEEE journal of photovoltaics, 2020, 10(1): 153-158.
[7] SEN C, WU X Y, WANG H R, et al.Accelerated damp-heat testing at the cell-level of bifacial silicon HJT, PERC and TOPCon solar cells using sodium chloride[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2023, 262: 112554.
[8] SEGBEFIA O K, AKHTAR N, SÆTRE T O. Moisture induced degradation in field-aged multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2023, 258: 112407.
[9] OH W, KIM S, BAE S, et al.The degradation of multi-crystalline silicon solar cells after damp heat tests[J]. Microelectronics reliability, 2014, 54(9/10): 2176-2179.
[10] IQBAL N, LI M J, SAKTHIVEL T S, et al.Impact of acetic acid exposure on metal contact degradation of different crystalline silicon solar cell technologies[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2023, 250: 112089.
[11] MEI A Y, LI X, LIU L F, et al.A hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability[J]. Science, 2014, 345(6194): 295-298.
[12] IEC 61646, Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic(PV) modules: design qualification and type approval[S].
[13] ZHOU Y F, CHEN D Y, Ye Y, et al.Damp-heat endurance investigation of PV modules based on n-type bifacial passivated contact cells[C]//40th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition.European, 2023.
[14] SEN C, WANG H R, KHAN M U, et al.Buyer aware: three new failure modes in TOPCon modules absent from PERC technology[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2024, 272: 112877.
[15] LAUSCH D, NAUMANN V, BREITENSTEIN O, et al.Potential-induced degradation(PID): introduction of a novel test approach and explanation of increased depletion region recombination[J]. IEEE journal of photovoltaics, 2014, 4(3): 834-840.
[16] KHAN M U, SEN C, CHAN C, et al.Supercharging cell-level potential-induced degradation (PID) testing using a salt-enriched hybrid polymer layer[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2023, 260: 112479.
[17] FAYE I, NDIAYE A, GECKE R, et al.Experimental study of observed defects in mini-modules based on crystalline silicone solar cell under damp heat and thermal cycle testing[J]. Solar energy, 2019, 191: 161-166.
[18] SOMMELING P M, LIU J, KROON J M.Corrosion effects in bifacial crystalline silicon PV modules; interactions between metallization and encapsulation[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2023, 256: 112321.
PDF(4833 KB)
