针对新型塔式光热发电系统中定日镜布局规划不足导致效率低下的问题,该文基于径向交错分布理论,提出一种结合蒙特卡洛光线追踪和碰撞检测的双阶段遗传优化算法,在传统遗传算法基础上,通过反馈定日镜布局更新吸热器位置,并通过遗传迭代进一步优化定日镜参数。算法考虑光锥效应和阴影遮挡等能量损失因素,基于二维正态分布模型对光锥内光线能量进行离散化处理,构建蒙特卡洛光学仿真模型,并利用碰撞检测算法评估系统光学效率。对甘肃酒泉地区半径为350 m的圆形定日镜场进行仿真模拟,设计出2977面具有不同安装高度和尺寸的定日镜场布局,其阴影遮挡效率可达96.623%,光学效率为71.358%,单位面积定日镜年均输出热功率为0.690271 kW/m²,镜场年均总输出热功率为42.977625 MW。与改进灰狼算法相比,双阶段遗传优化算法在阴影遮挡效率、光学效率、单位面积定日镜年均输出热功率和镜场年均总输出热功率4个指标上分别提升13.94%、27.59%、6.92%和29.04%。
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of low efficiency caused by the insufficient layout planning of heliostats in the new type of tower-type solar thermal power generation system, this study proposes a two-stage genetic optimization algorithm combining Monte Carlo ray tracing and collision detection based on the radial staggered distribution theory. On the basis of the traditional genetic algorithm, the algorithm updates the receiver position by feeding back the heliostat layout and further optimizes the heliostat parameters through genetic iteration. The algorithm takes into account energy loss factors such as the light cone effect and shading obstruction. Based on the two-dimensional normal distribution model, the energy of the rays inside the light cone is discretized to construct a Monte Carlo optical simulation model, and the optical efficiency of the system is evaluated using a collision detection algorithm. A simulation was carried out for a circular heliostat field with a radius of 350 meters in Jiuquan, Gansu, and a heliostat field layout with 2977 heliostats of different installation heights and sizes was designed. The shading obstruction efficiency can reach 96.623%, the optical efficiency is 71.358%, the average annual heat power output per unit area of the heliostat is 0.690271 kW/m², and the average annual total heat power output of the heliostat field is 42.977625 MW. Compared with the improved grey wolf algorithm, the two-stage genetic optimization algorithm improves the four indicators of shading obstruction efficiency, optical efficiency, average annual heat power output per unit area of the heliostat, and average annual total heat power output of the heliostat field by 13.94%, 27.59%, 6.92%, and 29.04%, respectively.
关键词
定日镜 /
光线追踪 /
遗传算法 /
光学效率 /
聚光太阳能热发电
Key words
heliostats /
ray tracing /
genetic algorithm /
optical efficiency /
concentrated solar power
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基金
黑龙江省自然科学基金（LH2023F003）
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