为研究倾角可调式光伏支架最佳倾角调整方法并量化倾角调整带来的光伏发电系统效益提升,提出光伏组件全年逐时发电量计算模型,并分别计算中国97个辐照气象站内同一光伏组件的全年逐时辐照量和发电量,同时还讨论按半年、季度、月份最佳倾角进行倾角调整,与全年最佳倾角固定布置相比,倾角调整所带来的光伏发电系统效益提升。结果表明：定期调整光伏组件的倾角能明显提升光伏发电系统的效益,且该提升在太阳能资源越充沛、地理纬度越高、全年最佳倾角越大的地区越明显;与全年固定倾角相比,月最佳倾角调整方案对中国太阳能资源极丰富、丰富、较丰富、较贫乏和贫乏区的光伏发电系统全年发电量增量分别为：13.09%、10.69%、9.76%、6.17%和3.23%,而所需倾角调整范围更小,每年调整次数更少的季度调整方案也能对五类地区的光伏发电系统分别带来11.29%、9.12%、8.26%、5.19%和2.80%的发电量增量。
Abstract
To investigate the optimal tilt angle adjustment methodology for photovoltaic brackets with adjustable tilt mechanisms and to quantitatively assess the benefits of tilt angle optimization in PV power generation systems, this study proposes a computational model for estimating the annual hourly power output of PV modules. The model was employed to calculate the annual hourly irradiance and corresponding power generation for identical PV modules across 97 solar radiation meteorological stations distributed throughout China. Furthermore, the systemic benefits of tilt angle adjustments were evaluated by comparing three temporal adjustment strategies （semi-annual, quarterly, and monthly） against a fixed tilt angle configuration optimized for annual performance. The findings demonstrate that dynamic tilt angle adjustment significantly enhances the efficiency of PV power generation systems. This enhancement is particularly pronounced in regions characterized by abundant solar resources, higher geographical latitudes, and larger annual optimal tilt angles. Specifically, monthly tilt angle adjustments yielded average power generation increases of 13.09%, 10.69%, 9.76%, 6.17%, and 3.23% for PV systems located in areas with extremely rich, rich, relatively rich, relatively poor, and poor solar energy resources, respectively, compared to fixed tilt angle configurations. Notably, the required range of tilt angle adjustment is relatively modest. Moreover, the quarterly adjustment strategy, which requires fewer operational interventions, still delivers substantial benefits, with power generation enhancements of 11.29%, 9.12%, 8.26%, 5.19%, and 2.80% for the five regional classifications, respectively. These results underscore the practical viability of periodic tilt angle optimization as a means of enhancing PV system performance across diverse geographical and climatic conditions.
关键词
光伏组件 /
光伏发电 /
光伏支架 /
辐照 /
最佳倾角 /
倾角调整
Key words
PV modules /
PV power generation /
photovoltaic brackets /
irradiation /
optimal inclination angle /
tilt angle adjustment
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52008274）; 黑龙江省自然科学基金杰出青年基金（JQ2022E006）
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