基于耦合沙尘输运方程的中尺度模拟方法,研究了中国北方地区风电场对局地气象要素及沙尘输运的影响。研究结果显示,风电场运行会导致风速降低,对近地层温度具有升温作用,尤其是在风电场密集分布区域,最大可升温0.3 ℃。温度变化与相对湿度变化在风电场分布较少区域呈负相关关系,而在风力机分布密集区域呈正相关关系。此外,风电场的存在增加了大气边界层高度,促进沙尘的扩散,导致风电场及周围区域沙尘浓度降低,降低幅度在10~70 μg/m3之间。而对于甘肃东南部,由于此区域大气边界层高度降低和风速较小,出现了沙尘聚集的现象,导致沙尘浓度增加。沙尘沉降通量的变化与沙尘浓度的变化呈正相关关系,在沙尘浓度增加的区域,沙尘沉降通量相应增加;反之,在沙尘浓度降低的区域,沙尘沉降通量减少。此外,在风电场分布区域,由于速度降低,导致其分布区域的起沙通量减少。风电场的运行显著影响了中国北方地区的局地气象要素和沙尘输运过程,这种影响与风电场的空间分布疏密程度和规模密切相关。
Abstract
Based on a coupled dust transport equation and mesoscale simulation methodology, this study investigates the effects of wind farms in the sandy desert regions of northern China on local meteorological elements and dust transport. The analysis focuses on the impact of wind farms on the spatial distribution of wind speed, temperature, humidity, dust concentration, dust deposition flux, and sand emission flux. By considering variations in atmospheric boundary layer height （PBLH） and wind speed, the study explores the mechanisms by which these factors influence dust transport. The results indicate that the operation of wind farms leads to a reduction in wind speed and an increase in near-surface temperature, particularly in densely distributed wind farm areas, where the maximum temperature increase can reach 0.3 ℃. Temperature changes exhibit a negative correlation with relative humidity in sparsely distributed wind farm regions, while a positive correlation is observed in areas with dense wind turbine installations. Additionally, the presence of wind farms increases the height of the atmospheric boundary layer, facilitating the dispersion of dust and resulting in a decrease in dust concentration in and around the wind farm, with reductions ranging from 10 to 70 μg/m3. In contrast, the southeastern region of Gansu experiences dust accumulation due to a lower atmospheric boundary layer height and lowed wind speeds, leading to increased dust concentrations. The variations in dust deposition flux show a positive correlation with changes in dust concentration; in regions where dust concentration increases, the deposition flux also rises, whereas it decreases in areas where dust concentration falls. Furthermore, the reduced wind speed in the vicinity of wind farms contributes to a decrease in sand emission flux. The operation of wind farms significantly influences local meteorological elements and dust transport processes in northern China, with these effects closely related to the spatial distribution density and scale of the wind farms.
关键词
风电场 /
沙尘 /
大气边界层 /
中尺度 /
气象要素
Key words
wind farm /
dust /
atmospheric boundary layer /
mesoscale /
meteorological elements
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFB4202104）; 国家自然科学基金（U25B20170）; 甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划（2025CYZC-026）; 甘肃省重点人才项目（2026RCXM024）
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