藏南高原谷地具有丰富和非常丰富等级的风能资源,且地理环境和电网条件都有利于风能开发利用。为此,重点研究藏南高原宽谷地形风能资源形成机制。通过开展中尺度模式与CFD耦合的数值模拟研究,并采用气象站和声雷达测风数据进行分析验证,得到结论：山谷风环流是藏南谷地风能资源形成的主要因素;日出后,雪山顶部升温慢,山谷中荒漠地表升温迅速,显著的温差产生气压梯度力,从而形成冰川风,导致青藏高原普遍存在的午后大风现象;中尺度与CFD耦合的数值模拟方法能有效将局地大气环流背景风场传递到CFD模拟计算中,提高对风电场风资源特性的认识;高原河谷地形存在风向的日变化,在布设测风点之前最好通过中尺度数值模拟认清风电场区的局地大气环流背景风场的变化特征。
Abstract
The valleys of the southern Tibetan plateau possess abundant wind energy resource classified as ‘rich’ and ‘very rich’, with favorable geographical conditions and power grid infrastructure supporting wind energy development. Accordingly, this paper investigates the formation mechanisms of wind energy resources in the wide-valley terrain of the southern Tibetan plateau. By conducting coupled mesoscale and computational fluid dynamics （CFD） numerical simulations and verifying the results with meteorological station and sodar （acoustic radar） wind measurements, the following conclusions are drawn： Valley wind circulation is the dominant factor in forming wind energy resources in the southern Tibetan valleys; Post-sunrise differential heating—slow warming of snow-capped peaks versus rapid heating of desert valley surfaces—produces pressure gradients that induce glacier winds, explaining frequent afternoon gales observed across the Tibetan Plateau; Meso-to-microscale coupled numerical simulation can effectively incorporate local atmospheric circulation background wind fields into CFD calculations, enhancing our understanding of wind resource characteristics in wind farms; In plateau valleys, wind direction shows diurnal variation, so it is best to identify the local atmospheric circulation background wind field characteristics through mesoscale numerical simulation before deploying wind measurement station.
关键词
风能 /
青藏高原 /
数值模式 /
声雷达 /
中微尺度耦合 /
冰川风
Key words
wind energy /
Tibetan plateau /
numerical model /
sodar /
coupling of mesoscale model and CFD model /
glacier wind
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基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究之任务八专题四“清洁能源现状与远景评价”（2019QZKK0804）
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