针对传统单管风电塔架存在施工工艺复杂、运输安装难,结构用钢量高等问题,提出一种上部为单管钢塔筒、下部为三肢柱格构式的新型组合塔架结构。首先,基于空间矩阵位移法构建求力模型,求解新型组合塔架的杆件应力;其次,建立以截面最大应力一致性为优化目标的多目标优化模型;然后,以塔架的直径和厚度作为优化变量,考虑6个约束条件,编写基于粒子群优化算法的优化程序,实现了塔架下部-组合格构式塔架截面尺寸最优化;最后利用有限元软件ABAQUS,对3个角度（α=60°、α=45°和α=30°）的优化前后组合塔架结构建立有限元模型,分析和对比该组合格构式塔架结构的应力。发现该求力模型能准确求解杆件应力;当 =45°时,结构优化效果最佳,收敛速度最快。优化后格构式塔架用钢量减少48.8%,截面有效率提升70.3%,各肢柱杆应力差减少70.2%。验证了基于粒子群优化算法模型可行,其结果和方法可以为同类型塔架的设计以及相似领域的研究提供理论参考依据。
Abstract
To address the challenges of complex construction process, difficult transpot ation and install atim, and excessive steel usage that arise with the increasing height of traditional monopole wind turbine towers, this study puts forward a novel hybrid lattice tower design. The proposed structure integrates a monopole steel tube at the top with a three-legged lattice structure at the bottom, with the goal of enhancing structural performance and material efficiency. Firstly, a force-based model was developed using the spatial matrix displacement method to calculate the member stresses of the tower. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization model was established to maximize stress uniformity across cross-sections. The tower's diameter and thickness were selected as key design variables, and six constraints were considered. To optimize the cross-sectional dimensions of the lower tower section, a computational optimization program was developed by integrating the spatial matrix displacement method with a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results were validated using finite element models at three angles （α=60°、α=45°、α=30°） in ABAQUS, which facilitated a comparative analysis of the structural performance before and after optimization. The results demonstrate that the proposed force-based model accurately predicts the member stresses, and the structure is effectively optimized. Specifically, whenα=45°, the optimization effect is optimal and the convergence is fastest. The optimized hybrid lattice tower achieves substantial steel savings, with a reduction of approximately 48.8%. Additionally, the cross-sectional efficiency is enhanced by 70.3%, and the stress differences among the column members are diminished by approximately 70.2%. These improvements confirm the feasibility of the proposed optimization model. The methods and results presented in this study offer valuable insights for the design and analysis of similar hybrid lattice towers.
关键词
风力发电塔 /
粒子群优化 /
有限元分析 /
空间矩阵位移法 /
求力模型
Key words
wind turbines tower /
particle swarm optimization /
finite element analysis /
spatial matrix displacement method /
force-based model
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