以三维水平轴潮流能水轮机作为初始模型,采用CFD数值计算的方式分析叶梢小翼的扭角对潮流能水轮机水动力性能以及尾流特性的影响规律,进而阐明叶梢小翼扭角对水轮机叶片水动力性能的作用机理。研究数据显示,叶梢小翼扭角的改变会显著改变潮流能水轮机整机水动力性能,相较于水轮机初始模型,叶梢小翼扭角为-6°时水轮机能量转换效率相对增加5.17%,阻力系数相对增加7.01%。在小翼扭角-9°~6°的变化区间内,带小翼水轮机的能量转换效率受扭角角度变化影响,总体呈先增长后减小趋势,阻力系数则呈单调下降趋势。叶梢小翼扭角变化会显著影响水轮机叶片梢部紧后方的流体径向流动状态,对叶片梢部三维效应损失产生影响,进而影响小翼与叶片梢部表面压力分布,改变潮流能水轮机的水动力性能。对比速度波动功率谱密度曲线可知,小翼扭角会影响叶片后梢涡轴向速度波动,且随着轴向距离的增加影响逐渐降低,但对径向速度波动影响不明显。
Abstract
Taking the three-dimensional horizontal axis tidal current turbine as the initial model, the influence of the winglet twist angle on the hydrodynamic performance and wake characteristics of the tidal current turbine is analyzed by CFD numerical calculation, and the influence mechanism of the winglet's twist angle on the hydrodynamic performance of the turbine blade is clarified. The results show that the change of the winglet twist angle has a significant impact on the hydrodynamic performance of the tidal current turbine. Compared with the initial model, when winglet twist angle is -6°, the power coefficient of the tidal current turbine increases by 5.17% and the drag coefficient increases by 7.01%. In the range of twist angle from -9° to 6°, the power coefficient with winglet first increases and then decreases with the increase of twist angle, while the drag coefficient decreases monotonously. The changes of the winglet twist angle significantly affect the radial flow state of the fluid immediate behind the blade tip of the turbine, affect the tip loss and the surface pressure distribution, and then change the hydrodynamic performance of the tidal current turbine. By comparing the power spectrum density curve of velocity fluctuation, it can be seen that the winglet's twist angle will affect the axial velocity fluctuation of blade tip vortex, and the influence will gradually decrease with the increase of axial distance, but the influence on radial velocity fluctuation is not obvious.
关键词
潮流能 /
数值计算 /
水动力 /
水轮机 /
叶梢小翼 /
功率谱密度
Key words
tidal energy /
numerical simulation /
hydrodynamics /
hydraulic turbine /
winglet /
power spectral density
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基金
北京市教育委员会科研计划（KZ20231001720）; 山东省自然科学基金青年项目（ZR2022QE282）; 自然资源部海洋观测技术重点实验室开放基金（2022klootA03）; 航空科学基金（2023M031077001）
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