基于递归最大熵动态状态估计的光伏电站送出线路保护方法

郑宗生; 戴桐; 廖建权; 王少雄

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0209

PDF(8326 KB)

太阳能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 759-773. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0209

基于递归最大熵动态状态估计的光伏电站送出线路保护方法

郑宗生, 戴桐, 廖建权, 王少雄

作者信息 +

A METHOD FOR PROTECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINES OF PV STATION BASED ON RECURSIVE MAXIMUM CORRENTROPY DYNAMIC STATE ESTIMATION

Zheng Zongsheng, Dai Tong, Liao Jianquan, Wang Shaoxiong

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对传统电流差动保护动作性能下降和现有动态状态估计鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种基于递归最大熵动态状态估计的光伏电站送出线路保护方法。该方法不受电源特性的影响且能应对量测数据中含有较大异常值的问题。首先,分析传统电流差动保护在光伏电站送出线路保护中的适应性,揭示传统电流差动保护的局限性。然后,根据基尔霍夫定律,构建交流输电线路的动态状态估计模型。在此基础上,考虑较大异常值对量测数据的影响,利用最大熵高斯核函数的非线性建模能力和平滑决策边界特性,使动态状态估计结果不受异常值的干扰。最后,在Matlab/Simulink平台构建集中式光伏电站并网模型,验证不同故障下所提保护方法的优越性、灵敏性、可靠性和鲁棒性。

Abstract

To address the issues of decreased performance in traditional current differential protection and poor robustness of existing dynamic state estimation, a protection method for PV station transmission line, based on recursive maximum entropy dynamic state estimation, is proposed. This method is unaffected by power source characteristics and can handle measurement data containing significant outliers. Firstly, the adaptability of traditional current differential protection in PV station transmission line is analyzed, revealing the limitations of traditional current differential protection. Then, based on Kirchhoff's law, a dynamic state estimation model for AC transmission lines is constructed. On this basis, considering the impact of large outliers on measurement data, the nonlinear modeling capability of the maximum correntropy Gaussian kernel function and the smooth decision boundary characteristics are utilized to ensure that the dynamic state estimation results are not disturbed by outliers. Finally, a centralized PV station grid-connected model is built on the Matlab/Simulink platform, and the superiority, sensitivity, reliability, and robustness of the proposed protection method under different faults are verified.

导出引用

郑宗生, 戴桐, 廖建权, 王少雄. 基于递归最大熵动态状态估计的光伏电站送出线路保护方法[J]. 太阳能学报. 2026, 47(6): 759-773 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0209

Zheng Zongsheng, Dai Tong, Liao Jianquan, Wang Shaoxiong. A METHOD FOR PROTECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINES OF PV STATION BASED ON RECURSIVE MAXIMUM CORRENTROPY DYNAMIC STATE ESTIMATION[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(6): 759-773 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0209

中图分类号： TM773

参考文献

[1] 孙华东, 徐式蕴, 许涛, 等. 电力系统安全稳定性的定义与分类探析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(21): 7796-7808.
SUN H D, XU S Y, XU T, et al.Research on definition and classification of power system security and stability[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(21): 7796-7808.
[2] 张烈, 郭鹏, 李仲青, 等. 适应新型电力系统的继电保护综合评价方法[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48(4): 1633-1644.
ZHANG L, GUO P, LI Z Q, et al.A comprehensive evaluation method for relay protection adapted to new electric power system[J]. Power system technology, 2024, 48(4): 1633-1644.
[3] 王增平, 林一峰, 王彤, 等. 电力系统继电保护与安全控制面临的挑战与应对措施[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51(6): 10-20.
WANG Z P, LIN Y F, WANG T, et al.Challenges and countermeasures to power system relay protection and safety control[J]. Power system protection and control, 2023, 51(6): 10-20.
[4] 国家能源局. 国家能源局发布2025年全国电力统计数据[EB/OL].https://www.nea.gov.cn/20260129/6874f211acd0417eab7ac10c3061a7c2/c.html.
National Energy Administration. National Energy Administration releases2025 national electricity statistics[EB/OL] https://www.nea.gov.cn/20260129/6874f211acd0417eab7ac10c3061a7c2/c.html.
[5] 郑玉平, 吕鹏飞, 李斌, 等. 新型电力系统继电保护面临的问题与解决思路[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(22): 3-15.
ZHENG Y P, LYU P F, LI B, et al.Problems faced by relay protection in new power system and their solution ideas[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2023, 47(22): 3-15.
[6] 李晖, 刘栋, 秦继朔, 等. 考虑风光出力不确定性的新能源基地直流外送随机规划方法研究[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48(7): 2795-2803.
LI H, LIU D, QIN J S, et al.Stochastic planning method for UHVDC transmission of renewable energy power base considering wind and photovoltaic output uncertainties[J]. Power system technology, 2024, 48(7): 2795-2803.
[7] 徐恒山, 王思维, 张旭军, 等. 基于MODE算法的光伏逆变器机电暂态模型LVRT控制方式与控制参数辨识研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(11): 308-318.
XU H S, WANG S W, ZHANG X J, et al.Research on LVRT control mode and control parameter identification of electromechanical transient model of PV inverter based on MODE algorithm[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2025, 46(11): 308-318.
[8] 王继磊, 张兴, 韩峰, 等. 并网逆变器LVRT同步稳定性分析及其优化策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(2): 309-317.
WANG J L, ZHANG X, HAN F, et al.Synchronous stability analysis and optimization strategy of LVRT for grid-connected inverter[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(2): 309-317.
[9] 于溯. 新能源交流送出线路保护适应性分析方法及新原理研究[D]. 北京: 中国电力科学研究院, 2024.
YU S.Research on adaptability analysis method and new principle of new energy AC transmission line protection in renewable energy systems[D]. Beijing: China Electric Power Research Institute, 2024.
[10] 刘一民, 王书扬, 李彬, 等. 逆变型新能源场站柔性直流送出系统交流线路差动保护灵敏性优化方案[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(1): 63-69.
LIU Y M, WANG S Y, LI B, et al.Sensitivity optimization scheme of AC line differential protection in MMC-HVDC system of inverter new energy station[J]. Electric power construction, 2022, 43(1): 63-69.
[11] 郑黎明, 贾科, 侯来运, 等. 基于奇异值分解的海上风电接入柔直系统的交流线路保护[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(增刊1): 75-83.
ZHENG L M, JIA K, HOU L Y, et al.Singular value decomposition based protection for AC transmission lines of VSC-HVDC system with offshore wind farms[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(S1): 75-83.
[12] 贾科, 杨哲, 朱正轩, 等. 基于电流幅值比的逆变型新能源场站送出线路T接纵联保护[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2019, 39(12): 82-88.
JIA K, YANG Z, ZHU Z X, et al.Pilot protection based on current amplitude ratio for teed line in inverter-interfaced renewable energy power plants[J]. Electric power automation equipment, 2019, 39(12): 82-88.
[13] 贾科, 郑黎明, 毕天姝, 等. 基于余弦相似度的风电场站送出线路纵联保护[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(21): 6263-6274.
JIA K, ZHENG L M, BI T S, et al.Pilot protection based on cosine similarity for transmission line connected to wind farms[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(21): 6263-6274.
[14] ZHENG L M, JIA K, BI T S, et al.A novel structural similarity based pilot protection for renewable power transmission line[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2020, 35(6): 2672-2681.
[15] 胡勇, 郑黎明, 贾科, 等. 基于Tanimoto相似度的光伏电站送出线路纵联保护[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2021, 49(3): 74-79.
HU Y, ZHENG L M, JIA K, et al.Pilot protection based on Tanimoto similarity for a photovoltaic station transmission line[J]. Power system protection and control, 2021, 49(3): 74-79.
[16] 余越, 王聪博, 樊沛林, 等. 基于差动电流能量比的新能源场站送出线路纵联保护[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48(2): 851-857.
YU Y, WANG C B, FAN P L, et al.Pilot protection based on energy ratio of differential current for outgoing line from renewable power plants[J]. Power system technology, 2024, 48(2): 851-857.
[17] 余越. 新能源送出线路双端量保护原理及整定计算建模方法研究[D]. 北京: 中国电力科学研究院, 2023.
YU Y.Research on the principle and setting calculation modeling method of dual-end quantity protection for new energy transmission lines[D]. Beijing: China Electric Power Research Institute, 2023.
[18] 晁晨栩, 郑晓冬, 邰能灵, 等. 针对新能源场站送出线两相短路的负序阻抗重构距离保护[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(22): 101-109.
CHAO C X, ZHENG X D, TAI N L, et al.Distance protection based on negative-sequence impedance reconstruction for phase-to-phase short circuit of renewable power plant transmission lines[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2023, 47(22): 101-109.
[19] 李斌, 周博昊, 何佳伟, 等. 直驱风电场送出线路的正序电压极化距离保护适用性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(22): 16-24.
LI B, ZHOU B H, HE J W, et al.Applicability analysis of distance protection with positive-sequence voltage polarization for transmission lines of wind farm with direct-driven turbines[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2023, 47(22): 16-24.
[20] 贾科, 杨哲, 赵其娟, 等. 适用于新能源场站送出线路的高频突变量距离保护[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(9): 3271-3279.
JIA K, YANG Z, ZHAO Q J, et al.High-frequency fault component based distance protection for transmission lines connected to renewable energy power plants[J]. Power system technology, 2019, 43(9): 3271-3279.
[21] BISWAS S, NAYAK P K.A fault detection and classification scheme for unified power flow controller compensated transmission lines connecting wind farms[J]. IEEE systems journal, 2021, 15(1): 297-306.
[22] 孔祥敏, 刘丽花, 张亮红, 等. 基于暂态高频能量的直驱风场汇集线路保护[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51(4): 93-103.
KONG X M, LIU L H, ZHANG L H, et al.Protection of a direct-driven wind farm collection line based on transient high-frequency energy[J]. Power system protection and control, 2023, 51(4): 93-103.
[23] DA SILVA FRANCA R L, DA SILVA JUNIOR F C, HONORATO T R, et al. Traveling wave-based transmission line earth fault distance protection[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2021, 36(2): 544-553.
[24] 张晨浩, 闫吉飞, 吕艺超, 等. 不依赖电源特性的交流线路单端量保护[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(22): 33-43.
ZHANG C H, YAN J F, LYU Y C, et al.Single-ended protection for AC line independent of power source characteristics[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2023, 47(22): 33-43.
[25] 晁晨栩, 郑晓冬, 高飘, 等. 针对光伏电站送出线路不对称短路故障的自适应距离保护原理[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(18): 6681-6692.
CHAO C X, ZHENG X D, GAO P, et al.Adaptive distance protection for transmission line of photovoltaic station during asymmetric short circuit[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(18): 6681-6692.
[26] 赖逸洋, 王增平, 王彤. 电流差动保护在柔直接入的交流电网中适应性分析及改进措施研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51(3): 145-154.
LAI Y Y, WANG Z P, WANG T.Adaptability analysis of current differential protection in an AC power grid with an MMC-HVDC and improvement measures[J]. Power system protection and control, 2023, 51(3): 145-154.
[27] 牟锐, 何佳伟, 李斌, 等. 基于负序电流幅值的含光伏配电网两相短路故障方向判据[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(19): 148-161.
MU R, HE J W, LI B, et al.Direction criterion for phase-to-phase short-circuit faults in distribution networks with photovoltaic based on negative-sequence current amplitude[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2024, 48(19): 148-161.
[28] GHAEDI A, HAMEDANI GOLSHAN M E, SANAYE-PASAND M. Transmission line fault location based on three-phase state estimation framework considering measurement chain error model[J]. Electric power systems research, 2020, 178: 106048.
[29] SRIVASTAVA A, TUAN L A, STEEN D, et al.Transmission line protection using dynamic state estimation and advanced sensors: experimental validation[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2023, 38(1): 162-176.
[30] SRIVASTAVA A, TUAN L A, STEEN D, et al.Dynamic state estimation based transmission line protection scheme: performance evaluation with different fault types and conditions[J]. International journal of electrical power & energy systems, 2023, 148: 108994.
[31] 曾琦, 曾维刚, 廖建权, 等. 免疫异常数据的金属回流双极直流配电线路状态估计保护方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2025, 45(1): 16-24.
ZENG Q, ZENG W G, LIAO J Q, et al.State estimation protection method of metal return bipolar DC distribution line with immune abnormal data[J]. Electric power automation equipment, 2025, 45(1): 16-24.
[32] 聂铭, 李猛, 和敬涵, 等. 基于状态估计的大规模新能源送出线路纵联保护[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48(5): 2189-2198.
NIE M, LI M, HE J H, et al.Pilot protection of large-scale renewable energy transmission lines based on state estimation[J]. Power system technology, 2024, 48(5): 2189-2198.
[33] 王少雄, 吕思辰, 吕飞鹏, 等. 基于Fréchet距离的集中式光伏电站送出线路纵联保护方法[J]. 电网技术, 2025, 49(4): 1648-1657.
WANG S X, LYU S C, LYU F P, et al.Fréchet distance based pilot protection method for centralized photovoltaic station transmission lines[J]. Power system technology, 2025, 49(4): 1648-1657.
[34] 杨鹏程, 冯启帆, 韦巍, 等. 分布式光伏电源分散式自适应主动频率支撑控制[J]. 电网技术, 2025, 49(9): 3566-3576.
YANG P C, FENG Q F, WEI W, et al.Decentralized adaptive frequency support control of distributed PV sources[J]. Power system technology, 2025, 49(9): 3566-3576.
[35] XIE H, LIN J L, HUANG Z Y, et al.State of charge estimation of Li-ion batteries based on strong tracking adaptive square root unscented Kalman filter with generalized maximum correntropy criterion[J]. Journal of energy storage, 2025, 111: 115401.
[36] DU G, SHENG Z M, LIU J G, et al.A novel hybrid model combining improved VMD and ELM with extended maximum correntropy criterion for prediction of dissolved gas in power transformer oil[J]. Processes, 2024, 12(1): 193.
[37] LIU Z, ZHAO Z H, QIU Y, et al.Enhanced state of charge estimation for Li-ion batteries through adaptive maximum correntropy Kalman filter with open circuit voltage correction[J]. Energy, 2023, 283: 128738.
[38] ZHANG K X, ZHAO X Z, CHEN Y, et al.Robust equivalent circuit model parameters identification scheme for state of charge (SOC) estimation based on maximum correntropy criterion[J]. International journal of electrochemical science, 2024, 19(5): 100558.
[39] YI S, ZHENG S, YANG S Q, et al.Robust transformer-based anomaly detection for nuclear power data using maximum correntropy criterion[J]. Nuclear engineering and technology, 2024, 56(4): 1284-1295.