采用数值模拟方法对冰晶-过冷水滴混合条件下风力机翼型结冰问题展开研究,建立粒子拉格朗日运动方程,提出一种新的混合条件下结冰生成模型,分析冰晶黏附和侵蚀的物理现象,给出结冰增长模型的求解方法。通过与试验结果对比,证明了结冰模型的准确性。研究不同模型参数和初始条件对风力机翼型结冰外形的影响。研究结果表明,侵蚀率越大,表面结冰越少,而黏附系数和融化比越大会导致结冰量越多;不同温度会影响翼型结冰冰形;随着冰晶含量和直径的增加,表面结冰范围和结冰量越大。
Abstract
The issue of wind turbine icing under the mixed-phase of ice crystals and supercooled water droplets is studied. The mechanism of wind turbine mixed-phase icing is analyzed, and the numerical simulation of airfoil icing on wind turbines is carried out. A particle motion trajectory equation is established using the Lagrangian method. The solution method for the control equation and the relevant definition of the collection coefficient are provided. A new mathematical model for icing under mixed-phase conditions is proposed, and the mass and energy conservation equations for liquid water on the surface of a wind turbine airfoil under mixed-phase conditions are established. The mathematical expressions for each equation are provided, and the physical phenomena of ice crystal adhesion and erosion are analyzed. The solution method for the icing growth model is provided. The accuracy of the icing model method proposed in this paper is demonstrated through comparison with experimental results. The icing characteristics of wind turbine airfoil surfaces under mixed-phase conditions are studied, and the impact of various initial parameters on icing characteristics is investigated. The research results indicate that erosion phenomena can affect surface icing. As the erosion rate increases, the surface icing decreases. The higher the adhesion coefficient and melting ratio, the greater the amount of icing. Different temperatures can lead to the formation of various ice forms on the airfoil. Rime ice forms at higher temperatures, while glaze ice forms at lower temperatures. However, with the increase in ice crystal content and diameter, the range and amount of icing change less. The research work provides a foundation for further research on wind turbine icing under mixed-phase icing conditions and the design of anti-icing and de-icing systems.
关键词
风力机 /
翼型 /
风电叶片 /
数值方法 /
结冰 /
混合条件 /
冰晶
Key words
wind turbines /
airfoils /
wind turbine blades /
numerical methods /
icing /
mixing-condition /
ice crystal
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] MARTINI F, CONTRERAS MONTOYA L T, ILINCA A. Review of wind turbine icing modelling approaches[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(16): 5207.
[2] BRAVIN M, STRAPP J W, MASON J.An investigation into location and convective lifecycle trends in an ice crystal icing engine event database[J]. SAE technical paper series, 2015, 1: 2015-1-2130.
[3] LI Y, WANG S L, SUN C, et al.Icing distribution of rotating blade of horizontal axis wind turbine based on Quasi-3D numerical simulation[J]. Thermal science, 2018, 22(S2): 681-691.
[4] 郑玉巧, 潘永祥, 魏剑峰, 等. 叶片翼型结冰形态及其气动特性[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2020, 52(4): 632-638.
ZHENG Y Q, PAN Y X, WEI J F, et al.Icing morphology and aerodynamic characteristics of blade airfoil[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2020, 52(4): 632-638.
[5] 杜静宇, 胡良权, 任鑫, 等. NREL 5 MW风力机叶片外部翼型结冰模拟[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(12): 298-305.
DU J Y, HU L Q, REN X, et al.Icing simulation of airfoil of NREL 5 MW wind turbine blade[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2023, 44(12): 298-305.
[6] SHU L C, LIANG J, HU Q, et al.Study on small wind turbine icing and its performance[J]. Cold regions science and technology, 2017, 134: 11-19.
[7] 易贤, 王开春, 马洪林, 等. 水平轴风力机结冰及其影响计算分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2014, 35(6): 1052-1058.
YI X, WANG K C, MA H L, et al.Computation of icing and its effect of horizontal axis wind turbine[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2014, 35(6): 1052-1058.
[8] BAUMERT A, BANSMER S, TRONTIN P, et al.Experimental and numerical investigations on aircraft icing at mixed phase conditions[J]. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2018, 123: 957-978.
[9] TRONTIN P, BLANCHARD G, VILLEDIEU P. A comprehensive numerical model for mixed-phase and glaciated icing conditions[C]//8th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Washington, D.C., USA, 2016: AIAA2016-3742.
[10] TRONTIN P, VILLEDIEU P.A comprehensive accretion model for glaciated icing conditions[J]. International journal of multiphase flow, 2018, 108: 105-123.
[11] HABASHI W, NILAMDEEN S.Multiphase approach toward simulating ice crystal ingestion in jet engines[J]. Journal of propulsion and power, 2011, 27(5): 959-969.
[12] MALIK Y A, KÖBSCHALL K, BANSMER S, et al. Ice accretion compositions in ice crystal icing[J]. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2024, 220: 124910.
[13] MALIK Y A, BENNANI L, BANSMER S, et al.Experimental and numerical investigation of accretion inception and heat transfer physics in ice crystal icing[J]. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2023, 214: 124364.
[14] 黄平, 卜雪琴, 刘一鸣, 等. 混合相/冰晶条件下的结冰研究综述[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(5): 112-130.
HUANG P, BU X Q, LIU Y M, et al.Mixed phase/glaciated ice accretion: review[J]. Acta aeronautica et astronautica sinica, 2022, 43(5): 112-130.
[15] 卜雪琴, 李皓, 黄平, 等. 二维机翼混合相结冰数值模拟[J]. 航空学报, 2020, 41(12): 195-205.
BU X Q, LI H, HUANG P, et al.Numerical simulation of mixed phase icing on two-dimensional airfoil[J]. Acta aeronautica et astronautica sinica, 2020, 41(12): 195-205.
[16] 沈浩, 韩冰冰, 张丽芬. 航空发动机中冰晶结冰的研究进展[J]. 实验流体力学, 2020, 34(6): 1-7.
SHEN H, HAN B B, ZHANG L F.Research progress of the ice crystal icing in aero-engine[J]. Journal of experiments in fluid mechanics, 2020, 34(6): 1-7.
[17] 姜飞飞, 董威, 郑梅, 等. 冰晶在涡扇发动机内相变换热特性[J]. 航空动力学报, 2019, 34(3): 567-575.
JIANG F F, DONG W, ZHENG M, et al.Phase change heat transfer characteristic of ice crystal ingested into turbofan engine[J]. Journal of aerospace power, 2019, 34(3): 567-575.
[18] 谭燕. 基于欧拉方法的2维翼型冰晶结冰数值计算[J]. 航空发动机, 2020, 46(4): 30-35.
TAN Y.Numerical calculation of 2D airfoil ice crystal icing based on Euler method[J]. Aeroengine, 2020, 46(4): 30-35.
基金
国家自然科学基金（51806105; 52006098）; 航空科学基金（2023M066027001）; 江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202411276080Y）
PDF(1393 KB)
