针对风电机组停机时叶片与塔筒涡激干涉问题,基于计算流体力学（CFD）方法和嵌套网格技术建立二维单自由度翼型-圆柱耦合涡激振动仿真模型,分析上游翼型固定和自由振动两种工况下翼型尾流对圆柱涡激特性的影响。仿真研究结果表明,采用CFD与嵌套网格技术相结合的方法能有效克服网格畸变和负网格问题,单圆柱仿真结果与实验的振幅比峰值误差降低75%,计算精度更高。上游翼型固定时的尾流显著改变了下游圆柱的涡激振动特性,下游圆柱锁频区间滞后出现且区间内升力系数均方根CRMS1增大,导致振幅比峰值较单圆柱提高70%~92%,且随间距比递增。上游翼型自由振动时,下游圆柱对其尾涡脱落的扰乱导致翼型最大振幅比较单翼型降低14%~30%,由于仅受到上游部分漩涡的撞击,下游圆柱锁频区间内的振幅比峰值较上游翼型固定时增大27%~33%,并在高约化速度时形成“P+S”型脱涡模式。此外,两种工况下翼型和圆柱间的干涉影响随间距比增大呈衰减趋势。
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of vortex-induced interference between blade and tower during wind turbine shutdown, a two-dimensional single-degree-of-freedom airfoil-cylinder coupled vortex-induced vibration simulation model is established based on computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method and nested grid technology. The influence of the airfoil wake on the vortex-induced characteristics of the cylinder under two working conditions of fixed and free vibration of upstream airfoil are analyzed. The simulation results show that the combination of CFD and nested grid technology can effectively overcome the problems of grid distortion and negative grid. The amplitude ratio peak error of single cylinder between simulation results and experiments is reduced by 75%, and the calculation accuracy is higher. The wake of the fixed upstream airfoil significantly changes the vortex-induced vibration characteristics of the downstream cylinder. The frequency-locked interval of the downstream cylinder lags behind and the root mean square ClRMS of the lift coefficient in the interval increases, resulting in a peak amplitude ratio of 70%-92% higher than that of a single cylinder, and increases with the spacing ratio. When the upstream airfoil vibrates freely, the disturbance of the downstream cylinder to its wake vortex shedding causes the maximum amplitude ratio of the airfoil to be 14%-30% lower than that of the single airfoil. Due to the impact of only the upstream part of the vortex, the amplitude ratio peak in the frequency locking range of the downstream cylinder is 27%-33% higher than that of the fixed upstream airfoil, and the “P+S” type vortex shedding mode is formed at high reduced speed. In addition, the interference effect between the airfoil and the cylinder under the two working conditions decreases with the increase of the spacing ratio.
关键词
风电机组 /
流固耦合 /
计算流体力学 /
涡激振动 /
叶片 /
塔筒
Key words
wind turbines /
fluid-structure interaction /
computational fluid dynamics /
vortex-induced vibration /
blade /
tower
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2018YFB1501304）
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