以三套管式相变储热单元为研究对象,首先分析了30%~80%填充率下单管与双管填充模型在放热过程中液相分数和平均温度的变化趋势,对比了总放热量、凝固时间和单位放热率的差异;其次选取30%和80%两种相变材料（PCM）填充率,对比放热过程中单、双填充模型的液相分数和涡量云图的演化,研究了单、双管填充模型的传热机理;进一步以凝固时间和总放热量为评价指标,采用指标相关性权重确定（CRITIC法）和折中妥协多属性决策（VIKOR）法评价不同PCM填充率下单、双管填充模型的放热性能,确定了80%PCM填充率的单管填充模型放热性能最优;最后以此最优模型为研究对象,研究了PCM径向位置对传热性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着PCM填充率增大,总放热量提升但单位放热率下降;当PCM填充率超过60%后,单管填充模型除具有换热面积大导热效果好的优势外,PCM内漩涡的生成与扩散速率也更快,有利于强化对流换热,使其放热性能显著优于双管填充模型。在恒定外管径和PCM填充率下,PCM采用靠近外管壁的径向填充方式使换热面积增加,导热效率提高,PCM径向位置越靠近外管所需凝固时间越短,放热性能越好。
Abstract
This study focuses on a triple-tube phase change thermal storage unit and first analyzes the evolution of liquid fraction and average temperature during the heat release process for single-tube and double-tube configurations at 30%-80% filling ratios. It compares differences in total heat released, solidification time, and specific heat release rate. Second, the study selects 30% and 80% PCM filling ratios to investigate the evolution of liquid fraction and vorticity contours during heat release in single-tube and double-tube configurations, aiming to elucidate their heat transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, using the CRITIC method and VIKOR method, it evaluates the heat release performance of different configurations at various filling ratios, identifying the optimal model as the single-tube configuration with 80% PCM filling ratio. Finally, it examines the impact of PCM radial position on heat release performance for the optimal model. The results indicate that increasing PCM filling ratio enhances total heat released but reduces specific heat release rate. When the filling ratio exceeds 60%, the single-tube configuration not only benefits from larger heat transfer area and superior thermal conductivity but also accelerates vortex generation and diffusion within the PCM, thereby strengthening convective heat transfer and significantly outperforming the double-tube configuration. Under constant outer tube diameter and PCM filling ratio, radially positioning PCM closer to the outer wall increases heat transfer area and improves thermal efficiency. The closer the PCM is to the outer wall, the shorter the solidification time and the better the heat release performance.
关键词
凝固 /
自然对流 /
相变材料 /
三套管式相变储热单元 /
填充率 /
填充模型 /
径向位置
Key words
solidification /
natural convection /
phase change material /
triple-tube phase change thermal energy storage unit /
filling ratio /
filling model /
radial position
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基金
河北省自然科学基金（E2022502017）
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