为应对风电间歇性与随机波动性对电网安全带来的挑战,以风-燃-储虚拟电厂（VPP）为研究对象,耦合电锅炉、储热罐和溴化锂热泵,构建“电-热双向解耦”架构,提出一种基于分时电价的VPP日前-日内双层协同优化调控模型。上层以日前净收益最大化为目标,结合风电与热负荷预测值制定调度计划;下层以日内实时运行成本最小为目标,依据实时数据动态调节各单元出力。研究表明,该模型下VPP实际出力能精准跟踪日前申报计划,日内出力偏差范围（-37.8~64.0 MW）显著小于风电预测偏差,有效降低惩罚成本。配置储能系统可通过谷段储电储热、峰段释能转移能量,优化燃机运行策略,提升经济效益;电池储能容量增长对净利润提升影响较小,储热容量增至500 MW·h后净利润增长趋缓。
Abstract
To address the challenges posed by wind power’s intermittency and random fluctuations to grid security, this paper investigates a wind-gas-storage virtual power plant （VPP）. By coupling an electric boiler, thermal storage tank, and lithium bromide heat pump, it constructs a “dual-decoupling architecture for electricity-heat interaction” and proposes a time-of-use electricity pricing-based, two-layer coordinated optimization control model for the VPP’s day-ahead and intraday operations. The upper layer aims to maximize pre-day net revenue by formulating dispatch plans based on wind power and thermal load forecasts. The lower layer targets real-time operational cost minimization by dynamically adjusting unit outputs according to real-time data. Research indicates that under this model, the VPP’s actual output precisely tracks pre-day declared plans, with intraday output deviation ranges （-37.8 MW to 64.0 MW） significantly narrower than wind forecast errors, effectively reducing penalty costs. Integrating energy storage systems enables energy transfer by storing electricity and heat during off-peak periods and releasing energy during peak periods, optimizing gas turbine operation strategies and enhancing economic benefits. Increasing battery storage capacity has a limited impact on net profit growth, while net profit growth slows after thermal storage capacity reaches 500 MW·h. This research provides important insights for promoting renewable energy integration and building low-carbon power systems.
关键词
虚拟电厂 /
分时电价 /
电热解耦 /
经济调度 /
协同优化
Key words
virtual power plant /
time-of-use tariff /
electricity-heat decoupling /
economic dispatch /
collaborative optimization
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基金
华北电力大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2023MS028）; 国家重点研发计划（2022YFB2403200）
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