无叶片风力机通过负载阻尼将捕获的风能转换为电能。为提高系统捕能效率,基于涡激摆动非线性特性,提出一种角速度比例阻尼模型,其包括两个模型控制参数,即预设最大阻尼比和模型指数;推导了捕能系统基于非线性阻尼的控制方程及捕能效率计算式,并数值分析了模型控制参数对捕能柱涡激摆动特性和系统捕能效率的影响。所得结果表明：设计风速下,模型指数大于0时,随着模型指数增大,捕能柱横向摆动振幅逐渐增大,横向摆动频率逐渐减小,但仍接近于系统固有频率,且均呈现“单峰”特性;不同模型控制参数组合时,捕能柱涡激摆动均为“双频”共振,其摆动轨迹都表现为“8”字形;预设最大阻尼比为0.03,模型指数取0.5、1.0、2.5,以及预设最大阻尼比为0.04,模型指数取2.5时,系统捕能效率提升显著;特别地,当预设最大阻尼比为0.03,模型指数为2.5时,相比于预设最大阻尼比为0.04的常阻尼模型,系统捕能效率提升了43.91%。
Abstract
Bladeless wind turbines convert harvested wind energy into electricity through load damping. To enhance the energy harvesting efficiency of the system, an angular-velocity-proportional damping model is proposed, based on the nonlinear characteristics of vortex-induced vibration （VIV）. This model includes two control parameters： the preset maximum damping ratio and the model exponent. The governing equations of the energy harvesting system with nonlinear damping and the efficiency calculation formula are derived. A numerical study is performed to analyze the influence of the control parameters on the VIV characteristics of the energy harvesting cylinder and the system's energy harvesting efficiency. The results indicate that under the design wind speed, when the model exponent is greater than zero, the lateral oscillation amplitude of the energy harvesting cylinder gradually increases while the oscillation frequency decreases, but remains close to the system’s natural frequency. All cases exhibit a distinct "single-peak" characteristic. For different combinations of control parameters, the energy harvesting cylinder demonstrates a "dual-frequency" resonance in its VIV response, with trajectories forming "figure-eight" patterns. With a preset maximum damping ratio of 0.03 and model exponent values of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5, or with a preset maximum damping ratio of 0.04 and exponent of 2.5, a significant improvement in the system’s energy harvesting efficiency is observed. Particularly, when the preset maximum damping ratio is 0.03 and the model exponent is 2.5, the system’s energy harvesting efficiency increases by 43.91% compared to the constant damping model.
关键词
涡激振动 /
非线性阻尼 /
数值分析 /
无叶片风力机 /
捕能效率
Key words
vortex-induced vibration /
nonlinear damping /
numerical analysis /
bladeless wind turbine /
energy harvesting efficiency
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