以湖南雪峰山能源装备安全国家野外科学观测研究站300 kW风力机为研究对象,基于旋转参考系及欧拉气-液两相流模型构建全尺寸风电叶片三维旋转覆冰模型,揭示雾凇和雨凇覆冰机制的异同,通过数值仿真对比两者在覆冰形貌、质量等方面的差异,并深入探究温度的作用效应。结果表明：1）温度对雾凇覆冰几乎无影响,但会显著影响雨凇的覆冰区域、覆冰形貌以及覆冰质量;2）雾凇形成流线冰,雨凇形成角状冰,随着温度降低,雨凇覆冰区域减小,但角状冰特征更加显著;3）雾凇的最大覆冰厚度沿叶展方向单调递增,而雨凇则呈现明显非单调特征;当温度接近0 ℃（如-1 ℃）时,出现叶中（0.60R处）覆冰厚度高于叶尖（0.90R处）的特殊情况;4）相同覆冰时间内,雾凇覆冰质量大于雨凇,且随着温度降低,雨凇覆冰质量呈增速递减的增长趋势。
Abstract
Taking a 300 kW wind turbine at Hunan Xuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station as the research object, this study establishes a three-dimensional rotating icing model for full-scale wind turbine blades based on a rotating reference frame and Eulerian gas-liquid two phase flow model. The model reveals the similarities and differences between rime and glaze ice accretion mechanisms. Through numerical simulations, the differences in ice morphology and mass accumulation between these two ice types are systematically compared, with particular emphasis on temperature effects. The results demonstrate that： 1） Temperature shows negligible influence on rime ice accretion but significantly affects the accretion area, morphology, and mass of glaze ice; 2） Rime ice forms streamlined shapes while glaze ice develops horn-shaped features, with the latter's accretion area decreasing but horn characteristics becoming more pronounced at lower temperatures; 3） The maximum ice thickness of rime ice increases monotonically along the blade span, whereas glaze ice exhibits distinct non-monotonic characteristics-under near-freezing conditions （e.g., -1 ℃）, unusual cases occur where mid-span ice thickness （at 0.60R） exceeds tip thickness （at 0.90R）; 4） Under identical icing durations, rime ice accumulates greater mass than glaze ice, with the latter showing a decelerating growth trend as temperature decreases.
关键词
风力机 /
风电叶片 /
两相流 /
覆冰 /
数值仿真 /
温度
Key words
wind turbines /
wind turbine blades /
two phase flow /
ice /
numerical simulation /
temperature
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52507163; U23B20121）; 湖南省自然科学基金（2026JJ60193）; 长沙市自然科学基金（kq2502124）
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