光伏电站建设对周边空气与土壤环境影响的区域性差异研究

钟雨桢; 陶俊宇; 张嘉; 葛亚东; 李再鑫; 王一波

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0602

PDF(11038 KB)

太阳能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 750-759. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0602

光伏电站建设对周边空气与土壤环境影响的区域性差异研究

钟雨桢¹, 陶俊宇¹, 张嘉^2,3, 葛亚东³, 李再鑫³, 王一波²

作者信息 +

STUDY ON REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER STATIONS ON SURROUNDING ATMOSPHERE AND SOIL

Zhong Yuzhen¹, Tao Junyu¹, Zhang Jia^2,3, Ge Yadong³, Li Zaixin³, Wang Yibo²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

对中国5个不同气候特征光伏电站周边大气和土壤参数进行长期监测,基于监测结果构建与地理位置关联的机器学习模型,并预测中国不同区域建设光伏电站对周边空气与土壤环境的影响。结果表明,光伏组件的铺设改变了原有的下垫面条件,打破了地表辐射平衡,进而引起大气和土壤环境的季节性变化。总体而言,光伏电站的建设对大气温度产生增温效应,对土壤温度产生降温效应,并促使土壤含水量和土壤电导率增加。从季节差异均值来看,大气温度在秋季上升最显著,最大差值约0.31 ℃;大气湿度在春季、夏季和秋季均有显著降低,最大差值约1.63%;土壤温度在春季、夏季和冬季降低显著,最大差值约3.22 ℃;土壤湿度在春季、秋季、冬季有所降低,降幅最高约1.48%,但夏季土壤湿度提升约7.7%;土壤电导率全年呈上升趋势,但上升幅度较小。从区域性差异来看,西南高海拔地区气温上升较为显著,典型省份包括青海省（冬季升温约2.13 ℃）和西藏自治区（秋季升温1.89 ℃）;绝大部分地区大气湿度在春夏季显著上升,而新疆维吾尔自治区大气湿度有所降低;南部地区土壤温度全年呈现降温效应,典型省份包括浙江省、海南省、广东省和广西壮族自治区,而其他地区冬季气温上升、其他季节气温下降。

Abstract

Carries out long-term monitoring of atmospheric and soil parameters around five Chinese photovoltaic power stations with distinct climate characteristics. Based on the monitoring data, a machine-learning model incorporating geographical location is developed to predict the environmental impact of photovoltaic power station construction in different Chinese regions on the surrounding air and soil.Results show that photovoltaic panel installation alters the original underlying surface conditions, disturbs the surface radiation balance, and induces seasonal changes in atmospheric and soil environments. Overall, photovoltaic power station construction increases atmospheric temperature, decreases soil temperature, and boosts soil moisture and conductivity. Specifically, atmospheric temperature sees the most significant rise in autumn （around 0.31 ℃）; atmospheric humidity drops markedly in spring, summer, and autumn （up to 1.63%）; soil temperature decreases considerably in spring, summer, and winter （around 3.22 ℃）; soil moisture slightly falls in spring, autumn, and winter （up to 1.48%） but rises by about 7.7% in summer; and soil conductivity increases yearly, albeit slightly.Regionally, high-altitude southwestern China exhibits substantial temperature increases, exemplified by Qinghai Province （about 2.13 ℃ in winter） and the Tibet Autonomous Region （1.89 ℃ in autumn）. Most regions see significant spring and summer atmospheric humidity increases, except for the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Southern China's soil temperature shows a year-round cooling effect, as seen in Zhejiang, Hainan, Guangdong, and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, while other regions experience winter warming and seasonal temperature decreases.

导出引用

钟雨桢, 陶俊宇, 张嘉, 葛亚东, 李再鑫, 王一波. 光伏电站建设对周边空气与土壤环境影响的区域性差异研究[J]. 太阳能学报. 2026, 47(4): 750-759 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0602

Zhong Yuzhen, Tao Junyu, Zhang Jia, Ge Yadong, Li Zaixin, Wang Yibo. STUDY ON REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER STATIONS ON SURROUNDING ATMOSPHERE AND SOIL[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(4): 750-759 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0602

中图分类号： TK511

参考文献

[1] HUA Y P, OLIPHANT M, HU E J.Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: a comparison of policies and status[J]. Renewable energy, 2016, 85(C): 1044-1051.
[2] GHOSH S, YADAV R.Future of photovoltaic technologies: a comprehensive review[J]. Sustainable energy technologies and assessments, 2021, 47: 101410.
[3] AGENCY I E.Energy Technology Perspectives 2023[M]. 210: OECD, 2023.
[4] JRC. General report on the activities of the EU in 2024[R] , 2024.
[5] OSMAN A I, CHEN L, YANG M Y, et al.Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energyunder a changing climate: a review[J]. Environmental chemistry letters, 2023, 21(2): 741-764.
[6] JIANG J X, GAO X Q, LV Q Q, et al.Observed impacts of utility-scale photovoltaic plant on local air temperature and energy partitioning in the barren areas[J]. Renewable energy, 2021, 174: 157-169.
[7] 赵延岩, 李振朝, 高晓清, 等. 戈壁大型光伏电站夏季晴天地表通量特征[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42(5): 138-144.
ZHAO Y Y, LI Z C, GAO X Q, et al.Surface flux characteristics of large-scale photovoltaic power station in Gobi on sunny days in summer[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2021, 42(5): 138-144.
[8] HERNANDEZ R R, HOFFACKER M K, MURPHY-MARISCAL M L, et al. Solar energy development impacts on land cover change and protected areas[J]. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112(44): 13579-13584.
[9] HERNANDEZ R R, EASTER S B, MURPHY-MARISCAL M L, et al. Environmental impacts of utility-scale solar energy[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2014, 29: 766-779.
[10] YUE S J, WU W, ZHOU X D, et al.The influence of photovoltaic panels on soil temperature in the Gonghe Desert area[J]. Environmental engineering science, 2021, 38(9): 910-920.
[11] YUE S J, GUO M J, ZOU P H, et al.Effects of photovoltaic panels on soil temperature and moisture in desert areas[J]. Environmental science and pollution research, 2021, 28(14): 17506-17518.
[12] YANG L W, GAO X Q, LV F, et al.Study on the local climatic effects of large photovoltaic solar farms in desert areas[J]. Solar energy, 2017, 144: 244-253.
[13] LAMBERT Q, BISCHOFF A, CUEFF S, et al.Effects of solar park construction and solar panels on soil quality, microclimate, CO₂ effluxes, and vegetation under a Mediterranean climate[J]. Land degradation & development, 2021, 32(18): 5190-5202.
[14] SHANG W, ZHANG Z P, FU G Q, et al.Spatial heterogeneity of vegetation communitiesand soil properties in a desert solar PhotovoltaicPower Station of the Hexi Corridor, northwestern China[J]. Polish journal of environmental studies, 2023, 32(3): 2795-2807.
[15] 赵鹏宇, 高永, 陈曦, 等. 沙漠光伏电站对空气温湿度影响研究[J]. 西部资源, 2016(3): 125-128.
ZHAO P Y,GAO Y,CHEN X, et al.Research on the impact of desert photovoltaic power stations on air temperature and humidity[J]. Western Resources, 2016(3): 125-128.
[16] WU W, YUE S J, ZHOU X D, et al.Observational study on the impact of large-scale photovoltaic development in deserts on local air temperature and humidity[J]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(8): 3403.
[17] HU A X, LEVIS S, MEEHL G A, et al.Impact of solar panels on global climate[J]. Nature climate change, 2016, 6(3): 290-294.
[18] TRENBERTH K E.Changes in precipitation with climate change[J]. Climate research, 2011, 47(1): 123-138.
[19] MILLSTEIN D, MENON S.Regional climate consequences of large-scale cool roof and photovoltaic array[J]. Environmental research letters, 2011, 6(3): 034001.
[20] CHANG R, YAN Y P, WU J, et al.Projected PV plants in China’s Gobi Deserts would result in lower evaporation and wind[J]. Solar energy, 2023, 256: 140-150.
[21] WU C D, LIU H, YU Y, et al.Ecohydrological effects of photovoltaic solar farms on soil microclimates and moisture regimes in arid Northwest China: a modeling study[J]. Science of the total environment, 2022, 802: 149946.
[22] MA S, LIU J H, ZHANG P, et al.Characterizing the development of photovoltaic power stations and their impacts on vegetation conditions from landsat time series during 1990-2022[J]. Remote sensing, 2023, 15(12): 3101.
[23] ZHAO W J, ZHAO J, LIU M Y, et al.Vegetation restoration increases soil carbon storage in land disturbed by a photovoltaic power station in semi-arid regions of northern China[J]. Agronomy, 2023, 14(1): 9.
[24] LIU Z Y, PENG T, MA S L, et al.Potential benefits and risks of solar photovoltaic power plants on arid and semi-arid ecosystems: an assessment of soil microbial and plant communities[J]. Frontiers in microbiology, 2023, 14: 1190650.
[25] ARMSTRONG A, OSTLE N J, WHITAKER J.Solar park microclimate and vegetation management effects on grassland carbon cycling[J]. Environmental research letters, 2016, 11(7): 074016.
[26] NASA. Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources[Z]. 2024
[27] ROSA S L K, DE SOUZA J L M, DOS SANTOS A A. Data from NASA Power and surface weather stations under different climates on reference evapotranspiration estimation[J]. Pesquisa agropecuária brasileira, 2023, 58: e03261.
[28] MARZOUK O A.Assessment of global warming in Al Buraimi, sultanate of Oman based on statistical analysis of nasa power data over 39 years, and testing the reliability of nasa power against meteorological measurements[J]. Heliyon, 2021, 7(3): e06625.
[29] 郑隽卿, 罗勇, 常蕊, 等. 大规模光伏开发对局地气候生态影响研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(8): 253-265.
ZHENG J Q, LUO Y, CHANG R, et al.Study on impact of large-scaled photovoltaic development on local climate and ecosystem[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2023, 44(8): 253-265.
[30] 胡贵贵, 杨粉莉, 杨联安, 等. 基于主成分和机器学习的土壤有机质含量空间预测建模[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4): 1114-1124.
HU G G, YANG F L, YANG L A, et al.Spatial prediction modeling of soil organic matter content based on principal components and machine learning[J]. Arid land geography, 2021, 44(4): 1114-1124.
[31] LIU Y, ZHANG R Q, HUANG Z, et al.Solar photovoltaic panels significantly promote vegetation recovery by modifying the soil surface microhabitats in an arid sandy ecosystem[J]. Land degradation & development, 2019, 30(18): 2177-2186.
[32] 翟波, 高永, 党晓宏, 等. 内蒙古中部草原区光伏电站对土壤水分及其脉冲响应的作用机制[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(6): 49-56.
ZHAI B, GAO Y, DANG X H, et al.Mechanism of photovoltaic power station on soil moisture and its impulse response in grassland region of central Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(6): 49-56.
[33] HUA Y P, CHAI J, CHEN L, et al.The influences of the desert photovoltaic power station on local climate and environment: a case study in Dunhuang photovoltaic industrial park, Dunhuang City, China in 2019[J]. Atmosphere, 2022, 13(8): 1235.
[34] LI P D, LUO Y, HE Z, et al.A comparative study of the effects of photovoltaic power plants in desert and lake on the microclimate[J]. Energy reports, 2023, 10: 2128-2137.
[35] HASSANPOUR ADEH E, SELKER J S, HIGGINS C W.Remarkable agrivoltaic influence on soil moisture, micrometeorology and water-use efficiency[J]. PLoS one, 2018, 13(11): e0203256.
[36] LUO L H, ZHUANG Y L, LIU H, et al.Environmental impacts of photovoltaic power plants in northwest China[J]. Sustainable energy technologies and assessments, 2023, 56: 103120.
[37] HEINZE J, GENSCH S, WEBER E, et al.Soil temperature modifies effects of soil biota on plant growth[J]. Journal of plant ecology, 2017, 10(5): 808-821.
[38] 罗小林, 罗久富, 罗忠新, 等. 农业光伏局地气候效应研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(5): 450-457.
LUO X L, LUO J F, LUO Z X, et al.Agrophotovoltaics efects on local microagroclimate[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(5): 450-457.
[39] 王涛, 王得祥, 郭廷栋, 等. 光伏电站建设对土壤和植被的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2016, 23(3): 90-94.
WANG T, WANG D X, GUO T D, et al.The impact of photovoltaic power construction on soil and vegetation[J]. Research of soil and water conservation, 2016, 23(3): 90-94.
[40] BROWN A.Photovoltaic win-win[J]. Nature climate change, 2019, 9(1): 7.
[41] AMADUCCI S, YIN X Y, COLAUZZI M.Agrivoltaic systems to optimise land use for electric energy production[J]. Applied energy, 2018, 220: 545-561.
[42] RAVI S, MACKNICK J, LOBELL D, et al.Colocation opportunities for large solar infrastructures and agriculture in drylands[J]. Applied energy, 2016, 165: 383-392.
[43] BARRON-GAFFORD G A, PAVAO-ZUCKERMAN M A, MINOR R L, et al. Agrivoltaics provide mutual benefits across the food-energy-water nexus in drylands[J]. Nature sustainability, 2019, 2(9): 848-855.
[44] TROMMSDORFF M, KANG J, REISE C, et al.Combining food and energy production: Design of an agrivoltaic system applied in arable and vegetable farming in Germany[J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2021, 140: 110694.
[45] BARRON-GAFFORD G A, MINOR R L, ALLEN N A, et al. The photovoltaic heat island effect: larger solar power plants increase local temperatures[J]. Scientific reports, 2016, 6: 35070.
[46] HEYDER U, SCHAPHOFF S, GERTEN D, et al.Risk of severe climate change impact on the terrestrial biosphere[J]. Environmental research letters, 2011, 6(3): 034036.
[47] LI Y, CONWAY D, XIONG W, et al.Effects of climate variability and change on Chinese agriculture: a review[J]. Climate research, 2011, 50(1): 83-102.
[48] WHEELER T R, CRAUFURD P Q, ELLIS R H, et al.Temperature variability and the yield of annual crops[J]. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2000, 82(1-3): 159-167.
[49] MARROU H, GUILIONI L, DUFOUR L, et al.Microclimate under agrivoltaic systems: Is crop growth rate affected in the partial shade of solar panels[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2013, 177: 117-132.
[50] LI X, FAN W Y, WANG L C, et al.Effect of urban expansion on atmospheric humidity in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration[J]. Science of the total environment, 2021, 759: 144305.
[51] VERVLOESEM J, MARCHEGGIANI E, CHOUDHURY M A M, et al. Effects of photovoltaic solar farms on microclimate and vegetation diversity[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(12): 7493.
[52] JIANG K, PAN Z H, PAN F F, et al.Combined influence of soil moisture and atmospheric humidity on land surface temperature under different climatic background[J]. iScience, 2023, 26(6): 106837.
[53] GAO H B, SHAO M G.Effects of temperature changes on soil hydraulic properties[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2015, 153: 145-154.
[54] BROADBENT A M, KRAYENHOFF E S, GEORGESCU M, et al.The observed effects of utility-scale photovoltaics on near-surface air temperature and energy balance[J]. Journal of applied meteorology and climatology, 2019, 58(5): 989-1006.