提出一种基于I-V曲线的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）膜电极（MEA）衰退指标非线性分析方法,以满足PEMFC健康状态监测的需求。该方法可在无需额外电化学测试的情况下,通过最小二乘逼近法实时提取电池关键性能参数,包括电化学活性面积（SECSA）、氢气渗透电流（iH2）、极限电流（ilim）与高频电阻（RHFR）等。基于0~6000 h单电池运行实验数据进行分析,验证方法的可行性与有效性。结果表明,在0~4000 h阶段,该方法具有较高拟合精度,但在5000~6000 h,由于膜材料的衰退加剧与测试时间差,iH2的拟合误差较大,但该方法可在实际应用中实时获取MEA的衰退状态。
Abstract
A nonlinear analysis method based on I-V curves is proposed to assess membrane electrode assembly （MEA） degradation in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）, aiming to meet the growing demand for health monitoring. This method enables real-time extraction of key performance parameters-electrochemically active surface area （SECSA）, hydrogen crossover current （iH2）, limiting current （ilim）, and high-frequency resistance （RHFR）—without additional electrochemical tests. By employing a nonlinear least squares fitting method, the degradation parameters are identified directly from I-V curve data. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated using the data from a single-cell PEMFC tested over 6000 hours. During the 0-4000 h period, the model shows high fitting accuracy, while during the 5000-6000 h period, intensified membrane degradation and measurement time lag lead to an increased fitting error in iH2. Despite this, the method remains effective for real-time evaluation of MEA degradation in practical PEMFC applications, and can be extended to evaluate single cells in a stack, thereby enabling online testing and assessment of the overall stack health condition.
关键词
质子交换膜燃料电池 /
非线性分析 /
最小二乘逼近 /
膜电极衰退指标 /
电化学活性面积
Key words
proton exchange membrane fuel cell /
nonlinear analysis /
least squares approximation /
membrane electrode assembly degradation parameters /
electrochemically active surface area
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基金
国家自然科学基金（22179103; 21676207）; 国家重点研发计划（2023YFB4005804）; 湖北省重点研发计划（2023BAB147）
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