针对风电叶片结构优化设计中传统建模方法迭代效率低、依赖人工干预的问题,该文提出一种基于节点坐标驱动的风电叶片参数化建模方法,以IEA 15 MW风电叶片为研究对象,通过离散节点控制几何外形与网格单元分布,采用双重循环算法构建叶片展向和弦向的单元拓扑关系,集成材料铺层、载荷及边界条件,实现有限元模型建立、结构化网格生成及材料指派的自动化流程。基于该参数化模型开展模态频率对比验证,并结合LaRC失效准则对复合材料进行强度校核,分析极端工况下叶片的结构响应。结果表明：所建模型前六阶模态频率与参考结果的平均相对误差低于5%,叶尖最大位移满足塔架间隙约束,且复合材料失效因子均低于临界阈值,验证了模型精度与结构安全性。该方法通过节点坐标关联设计变量,能够显著提升大型叶片优化迭代效率,为复合材料叶片的设计优化与可靠性评估提供技术支撑。
Abstract
To address the low iterative efficiency and heavy reliance on manual intervention of traditional modeling methods in the structural optimization of large-scale wind turbine blades, this paper proposes a nodal coordinate-driven parametric modeling method. Taking the IEA 15 MW wind turbine blade as the research object, discrete nodes are adopted to control the blade geometry and mesh element distribution. A double-loop algorithm is employed to establish the topological relationships of elements in the spanwise and chordwise directions. By integrating composite layups, loads, and boundary conditions, an automated workflow for finite element model generation, structured mesh generation, and material assignment is realized. The proposed model is validated through modal frequency comparison. The LaRC failure criterion is adopted for the strength assessment of composite materials, and the structural responses under extreme operating conditions are analyzed. The results indicate that the average relative error of the first six modal frequencies between the developed model and the reference data is less than 5%. The maximum blade tip deflection satisfies the tower clearance constraint, and all composite failure indices are below the critical threshold, which verifies the model accuracy and structural safety. By correlating design variables with nodal coordinates, the proposed method significantly improves the iterative optimization efficiency of large blades, providing technical support for the design optimization and reliability evaluation of large composite wind turbine blades.
关键词
风电叶片 /
复合材料 /
铺层结构 /
参数化建模 /
固有频率 /
失效机理
Key words
wind turbine blades /
composite material /
layup structure /
parametric modeling /
natural frequency /
failure mechanism
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFB4202900）
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