针对光伏直驱热电制冷系统在变辐照度环境下的性能优化问题,研究通过光伏直接驱动方式实现能量单级转换,并降低其系统复杂性。通过建立MATLAB/Simulink动态仿真模型与真实天气条件下的实验验证,揭示了在变化太阳辐照度环境中热端温度对制冷性能的非线性调控机制：当热端温度≤35 ℃时,制冷系数（COP）随太阳辐照度增强呈先增后减趋势;而热端温度>35 ℃时,制冷系数与太阳辐照度呈正向单调关联。并通过评估实验与仿真输出特性的结果,验证仿真系统的准确性。进一步通过皮尔逊相关性分析,量化了制冷功率与太阳辐照度的强正相关性（r=0.9138）,证明变辐照度下系统可通过自调节机制保持制冷温度的稳定性。此外,研究发现在变辐照度条件下制冷功率与COP间的协同优化规律,根据实际工况需求不同并结合“最优平衡分割点”特性调节其权重,寻找二者最佳协同工作点,为无储能光伏制冷系统的动态匹配设计与能效优化提供了理论框架。
Abstract
This study addresses the performance optimization of photovoltaic direct-drive thermoelectric refrigeration systems under varying irradiance conditions. It explores direct drive using photovoltaic cells to achieve single-stage energy conversion and reduce system complexity. By establishing a MATLAB/Simulink dynamic simulation model and conducting experimental verification under real weather conditions, the nonlinear regulation mechanism of hot-end temperature on refrigeration performance in varying solar irradiance environments is revealed： when the hot-end temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃, the coefficient of performance （COP） initially increases and then decreases with increasing irradiance; conversely, when the hot-end temperature exceeds 35 ℃, COP positively correlates with irradiance in a monotonic manner. The accuracy of the simulation system was verified by evaluating the experimental results and the characteristics of the simulation outputs. Furthermore, through Pearson correlation analysis, the strong positive correlation between refrigeration capacity and solar irradiance （r=0.9138） is quantified, demonstrating that the system can achieve stability in refrigeration temperature through a self-regulating mechanism under dynamic irradiance fluctuations. Additionally, the synergistic optimization patterns between refrigeration capacity and COP under variable irradiance conditions were identified. By adjusting their weights based on different actual operating conditions and leveraging the "optimal balance division point" characteristics, the best working point between the two can be identified. This provides a theoretical framework for the dynamic matching design and energy efficiency optimization of photovoltaic refrigeration systems without energy storage.
关键词
热电制冷 /
光伏 /
太阳辐照度 /
制冷系数 /
制冷功率
Key words
thermoelectric refrigeration /
photovoltaic /
solar irradiance /
coefficient of performance /
refrigeration capacity
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基金
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目（CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0164）; 中国国家留学基金项目（202405950006）; 重庆交通大学校科研基金项目（2503035）
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