考虑频率二次跌落的高比例风电电力系统鲁棒优化调度方法

叶畅; 肖梦涵; 韩佶; 张自力; 马继远; 李嘉诚

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0816

PDF(2410 KB)

太阳能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9) : 827-840. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0816

考虑频率二次跌落的高比例风电电力系统鲁棒优化调度方法

叶畅^1~3, 肖梦涵^1~3, 韩佶⁴, 张自力⁴, 马继远⁴, 李嘉诚^1~3

作者信息 +

ROBUST OPTIMAL DISPATCH METHOD FOR HIGH-PENETRATION WIND POWER SYSTEMS CONSIDERING SECONDARY FREQUENCY DROP

Ye Chang^1~3, Xiao Menghan^1~3, Han Ji⁴, Zhang Zili⁴, Ma Jiyuan⁴, Li Jiacheng^1~3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

该文考虑大规模风电参与调频过程中的复杂频率特性,提出一种考虑频率二次跌落的高比例风电电力系统鲁棒优化调度方法。首先,综合考虑风电、火电、储能及负荷的频率响应特性,推导电力系统频率一次与二次跌落过程的数学表达式,并提取关键频率指标。其次,计及风电不确定性与动态频率约束,并考虑系统运行成本与弃风等成本,建立电力系统非线性机会约束优化调度模型。接下来,针对调度模型中频率一次与二次跌落约束的非线性特征,提出两阶段迭代的鲁棒优化调度模型求解方法。最后,在IEEE-39节点系统与中国某实际电力系统进行算例分析。结果表明,所提方法能兼顾系统运行经济性与频率稳定性,并显著提高新能源利用率。

Abstract

This paper considers the complex frequency characteristics of large-scale wind power participation in frequency regulation and proposes a robust optimal dispatch method for high-penetration wind power systems considering secondary frequency drops. First, the frequency response characteristics of wind power, thermal power, energy storage, and loads are comprehensively considered to derive the mathematical expressions of the primary and secondary frequency drop processes in power systems, and extract key frequency indices. Second, taking into account wind power uncertainty and dynamic frequency constraints, as well as system operating costs and wind curtailment costs, a nonlinear chance-constrained optimal dispatch model for power systems is established. Subsequently, to address the nonlinear characteristics of the primary and secondary frequency drop constraints in the dispatch model, a two-stage iterative optimization method is proposed. Finally, case studies are conducted on the IEEE 39-bus system and an actual power system in China. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively balances system economic operation and frequency stability while significantly improving renewable energy utilization.

导出引用

叶畅, 肖梦涵, 韩佶, 张自力, 马继远, 李嘉诚. 考虑频率二次跌落的高比例风电电力系统鲁棒优化调度方法[J]. 太阳能学报. 2026, 47(9): 827-840 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0816

Ye Chang, Xiao Menghan, Han Ji, Zhang Zili, Ma Jiyuan, Li Jiacheng. ROBUST OPTIMAL DISPATCH METHOD FOR HIGH-PENETRATION WIND POWER SYSTEMS CONSIDERING SECONDARY FREQUENCY DROP[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(9): 827-840 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0816

中图分类号： TM761

参考文献

[1] 徐军, 王丹, 何泽瑜, 等. 大型混塔式风电机组非线性动力响应分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2026, 47(2): 508-516.
Xu J, Wang D, He Z Y, et al.Nonlinear dynamic response analysis of large hybrid tower wind turbines[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2026, 47(2): 508-516.
[2] 张宽, 赵波, 刘磊. 考虑尖速比的双馈风电机组调频建模及稳定性分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(4): 434-444.
Zhang K, Zhao B, Liu L.Modeling and stability analysis of doubly-fed wind turbine frequency regulation considering tip speed ratio[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(4): 434-444.
[3] 王涛, 王廷涛, 刘芮, 等. 计及动态频率响应约束的高比例风电电力系统机组组合模型[J]. 高电压技术, 2021, 47(10): 3463-3479.
Wang T, Wang T T, Liu R, et al.Unit commitment model of high proportion wind power system considering dynamic frequency response constraints[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2021, 47(10): 3463-3479.
[4] 王佳旭, 苗世洪, 王廷涛, 等. 考虑风电爬坡限幅及频率安全约束的高比例风电电力系统多层级优化调度[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2025, 53(1): 135-146.
Wang J X, Miao S H, Wang T T, et al.Multi-level optimal dispatch strategy for a high proportion of wind power system considering the wind power ramping limit and frequency security constraints[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2025, 53(1): 135-146.
[5] 许丹阳, 武志刚, 管霖, 等. 考虑频率安全与柔直支撑特性的异步互联电网分布鲁棒经济调度方法[J]. 电网技术, 2026, 50(4): 1653-1667.
Xu D Y, Wu Z G, Guan L, et al.Distributionally robust economic dispatch method for asynchronously interconnected power grids considering the frequency constraints and frequency support characteristics of VSC-HVDC[J]. Power System Technology, 2026, 50(4): 1653-1667.
[6] Prakash V, Sharma K C, Bhakar R, et al.Frequency response constrained modified interval scheduling under wind uncertainty[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2018, 9(1): 302-310.
[7] Wang L B, Fan H, Liang J F, et al.Multi-area frequency-constrained unit commitment for power systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources and induction machine load[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2024, 12(3): 754-766.
[8] 江一航, 赵书强, 王慧, 等. 计及风电、调相机支撑特性的频率安全约束分布鲁棒机组组合调度方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(1): 80-95.
Jiang Y H, Zhao S Q, Wang H, et al.Distributionally robust frequency constrained unit commitment with frequency support of wind power and synchronous condenser[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(1): 80-95.
[9] 洪晗笑, 吴晨曦, 倪索引. 考虑频率-惯量安全约束的新型电力系统优化调度[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2024, 44(8): 176-184.
Hong H X, Wu C X, Ni S Y.Optimal scheduling of new-type power system considering frequency-inertia security constraints[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2024, 44(8): 176-184.
[10] 王廷涛, 苗世洪, 姚福星, 等. 计及动态频率响应约束的高比例风电电力系统日前-日内联合调度策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(7): 2590-2603.
Wang T T, Miao S H, Yao F X, et al.Day-ahead and intra-day joint dispatch strategy of high proportion wind power system considering dynamic frequency response constraints[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(7): 2590-2603.
[11] Daly P, Qazi H W, Flynn D.RoCoF-constrained scheduling incorporating non-synchronous residential demand response[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2019, 34(5): 3372-3383.
[12] 姚宇, 叶承晋, 朱超, 等. 考虑需求侧快速响应资源的数据驱动频率约束经济调度[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51(2): 34-45.
Yao Y, Ye C J, Zhu C, et al.Data-driven frequency constrained economic dispatch considering fast demand resources[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2023, 51(2): 34-45.
[13] 叶婧, 林涛, 徐遐龄, 等. 考虑稳态频率约束的含高渗透率风电的孤立电网机组组合[J]. 高电压技术, 2018, 44(4): 1311-1318.
Ye J, Lin T, Xu X L, et al.Research on unit commitment considering steady state frequency constraints of isolated grids with high permeability wind power[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(4): 1311-1318.
[14] 叶婧, 林涛, 张磊, 等. 考虑动态频率约束的含高渗透率光伏电源的孤立电网机组组合[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(13): 194-202.
Ye J, Lin T, Zhang L, et al.Isolated grid unit commitment with dynamic frequency constraint considering photovoltaic power plants participating in frequency regulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(13): 194-202.
[15] Zhang Z, Zhou M, Wu Z Y, et al.A frequency security constrained scheduling approach considering wind farm providing frequency support and reserve[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2022, 13(2): 1086-1100.
[16] 胡梦凯, 张高航, 李凤婷, 等. 考虑频率安全及调峰需求的风电高渗透系统两阶段优化调度方法[J]. 电网技术, 2025, 49(10): 4365-4375.
Hu M K, Zhang G H, Li F T, et al.A two-stage optimal scheduling method for high penetration level of wind power system considering frequency security and peaking demand[J]. Power System Technology, 2025, 49(10): 4365-4375.
[17] Zhang Z Y, Du E S, Teng F, et al.Modeling frequency dynamics in unit commitment with a high share of renewable energy[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2020, 35(6): 4383-4395.
[18] Yuan Y P, Zhang Y, Wang J X, et al.Enhanced frequency-constrained unit commitment considering variable-droop frequency control from converter-based generator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2023, 38(2): 1094-1110.
[19] 江一航, 赵书强, 韦子瑜, 等. 考虑区域间频率动态差异及频率响应全过程的分布鲁棒机组组合模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(9): 3380-3395.
Jiang Y H, Zhao S Q, Wei Z Y, et al.Distributionally robust unit commitment model considering regional frequency dynamic differences and whole frequency response process[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(9): 3380-3395.
[20] 况理, 文云峰, 陆艺丹, 等. 含虚拟同步机的微电网频率稳定约束优化调度模型研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(1): 71-83.
Kuang L, Wen Y F, Lu Y D, et al.Frequency stability constrained optimal dispatch model of microgrid with virtual synchronous machines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(1): 71-83.
[21] Li J M, Qiao Y, Lu Z X, et al.Integrated frequency-constrained scheduling considering coordination of frequency regulation capabilities from multi-source converters[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2024, 12(1): 261-274.
[22] Jiang B Y, Guo C X, Chen Z.Modeling the coupling of rotor speed, primary frequency reserve and virtual inertia of wind turbines in frequency constrained look-ahead dispatch[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2024, 15(3): 1885-1899.
[23] Liu K C, Qu Y B, Kim H M, et al.Avoiding frequency second dip in power unreserved control during wind power rotational speed recovery[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018, 33(3): 3097-3106.
[24] Xiong Y X, Yao W, Shi Z T, et al.Adaptive dual droop control of MTDC integrated offshore wind farms for fast frequency support[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2023, 38(3): 2525-2538.
[25] Zhou Y N, Zhu D H, Zou X D, et al.Adaptive temporary frequency support for DFIG-based wind turbines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2023, 38(3): 1937-1949.
[26] Lin J K, Zeng Z H, Liu L J, et al.Robust unit commitment with multi-state uncertainty: a novel formulation and scalable solution method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2026, 17(1): 576-589.
[27] Qiu H F, Long H, Gu W, et al.Recourse-cost constrained robust optimization for microgrid dispatch with correlated uncertainties[J]. IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(3): 2266-2278.
[28] Xu W, Guo Y F, Meng T H, et al.Coordinated dispatch based on distributed robust optimization for interconnected urban integrated energy and transmission systems[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2024, 12(3): 840-851.
[29] Xie W J, Ahmed S.Distributionally robust chance constrained optimal power flow with renewables: a conic reformulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018, 33(2): 1860-1867.
[30] Mohajerin Esfahani P, Kuhn D.Data-driven distributionally robust optimization using the Wasserstein metric: performance guarantees and tractable reformulations[J]. Mathematical Programming, 2018, 171(1): 115-166.