In order to optimize design of Stirling engines, a transient model is proposed, based on basic control equations coupled with loss mechanism and pressure gradient synchronously, and the model is verified by experimental data of a GPU-3 Stirling engine. The results show that the average relative error is 4.8% between numerical and experimental results for indicated power, and it is less than 1% for the relative error of thermal efficiency. The peak of indicated power occurs at 3000 r/min for an average helium pressure of 2.76 MPa and heating temperature of 977 K, and the friction resistance loss increases from 0.174 kW to 3.179 kW with rotational speed increasing, demonstrating the optimal operating speed ranges 2500-3000 r/min. The three main losses are the friction resistance loss, displacer shuttle heat transfer loss and finite speed pressure loss. The pressure drop on regenerator accounts for more than 90% of the total, with a transient value of 188 kPa, indicating it is an effective way to alleviate flow resistance loss by optimizing a regenerator.
Key words
Stirling engine /
numerical simulation /
transient analysis /
oscillating flow
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