Considering flow conservation, a three-dimensional analytical wake model of H-type VAWT that incorporates wind shear effects and uses a multivariate Gaussian distribution is proposed. Wind tunnel tests and large eddy simulation data are firstly used to validate the model. The results show that the relative errors are less than 2% for the transverse profile and less than 3% for the perpendicular profile in the far wake region with x/D>3. Next, a series of results are demonstrated from four downstream locations （x/D=3,6,9,12）, three thrust coefficients （CT=0.6,0.7,0.8）, four wind shear indices （α=0,0.1,0.15,0.2）, and two turbulence intensities （I0=5%,8.3%）, and the results show that the model in this paper can effectively describe the spatial distribution of the wake wind speed. By considering the height effect, the model can be used for the optimization of wind turbine hub heights and the layout optimization of wind farms, which is beneficial to increase wind farms'power output.
Key words
vertical axis wind turbines /
analytical models /
Gaussian distribution /
three-dimensional wake model
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