OPTIMIZATION SCHEDULING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES PARTICIPATING IN INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEMS BASED ON STACKELBERG GAME UNDER UNCERTAIN FACTORS

Wang Kaiyan; Liu Haoyu; Dang Jian; Jia Rong; He Hengxiang

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1104

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Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10) : 516-525. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1104

OPTIMIZATION SCHEDULING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES PARTICIPATING IN INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEMS BASED ON STACKELBERG GAME UNDER UNCERTAIN FACTORS

Wang Kaiyan, Liu Haoyu, Dang Jian, Jia Rong, He Hengxiang

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Abstract

To achieve mutual benefit between integrated energy systems （IES） and Vehicle-to-Grid（V2G） charging stations, a bilevel optimization method based on a leader-follower game under uncertain factors is proposed. Firstly, the IES is set as the upper-level leader and the V2G charging station as the lower-level follower. The objective of the upper level is to minimize the operating cost of the IES by formulating time-varying charging and discharging prices to guide the lower-level users in adjusting the charging and discharging power of the V2G charging station. The lower level aims to minimize the total charging cost of the V2G charging station and responsed based on the price information set by the upper level, thus constructing a leader-follower game model. Then, based on the multi-scenario method, the conditional value-at-risk （CVaR） is introduced to measure the risk loss caused by the uncertainty of wind and solar power output on system operation. Using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions and strong duality theorem, the original bilevel game model is transformed into a single-level mixed-integer linear programming problem to compute the Nash equilibrium solution, thereby obtaining the optimal operation and pricing scheme. Results show that the proposed method can balance the economic interests of different entities within the IES and V2G charging stations, achieve a balance between operating costs and risk costs, ensure the consumption of renewable energy and promote carbon reduction.

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integrated energy system / optimal scheduling / electric vehicle / Stackelberg game / conditional value-at-risk

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Wang Kaiyan, Liu Haoyu, Dang Jian, Jia Rong, He Hengxiang. OPTIMIZATION SCHEDULING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES PARTICIPATING IN INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEMS BASED ON STACKELBERG GAME UNDER UNCERTAIN FACTORS[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2025, 46(10): 516-525 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1104

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