FAST CONTROL METHOD OF REACTIVE VOLTAGE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC VSG BASED ON MODEL PREDICTION

Lyu Jianguo; Zhou Yuanqiong; Wu Pengtao; Xie Qun; Xu Zhiqiang; Hu Yi

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1793

PDF(5215 KB)

Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 76-83. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1793

FAST CONTROL METHOD OF REACTIVE VOLTAGE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC VSG BASED ON MODEL PREDICTION

Lyu Jianguo¹, Zhou Yuanqiong^1,2, Wu Pengtao¹, Xie Qun¹, Xu Zhiqiang¹, Hu Yi¹

Author information +

History +

Abstract

To further address the voltage fluctuations and limit violations caused by the grid-connection of high-penetration photovoltaic （PV） plants, a fast reactive voltage control method for photovoltaic virtual synchronous generators （VSG） based on model predictive control （MPC） is proposed. Firstly, a dynamic model of VSG-based reactive power-voltage control is established based on its reactive power-voltage characteristics. Then, a discrete reactive power-voltage state-space incremental equation is formulated using the MPC framework. This model predicts the required reactive power capacity sequence by considering the future grid voltage error over a prediction horizon, and continuously updates and tracks the optimal solution through rolling optimization and feedback correction to minimize the deviation between the future grid voltage output and the reference trajectory, and the fast reactive power-voltage control for the PV VSG system is achieved. Besides, the closed-loop system stability of this model is analyzed. Suitable weighting coefficients are determined by calculating the system eigenvalues to ensure convergence. Finally, a simulation model of a PV plant interconnected into a two-area transmission network is established to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Key words

reactive power / voltage control / model predictive control / rolling optimization / feedback correction / virtual synchronous generator / photovoltaic plant

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

Lyu Jianguo, Zhou Yuanqiong, Wu Pengtao, Xie Qun, Xu Zhiqiang, Hu Yi. FAST CONTROL METHOD OF REACTIVE VOLTAGE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC VSG BASED ON MODEL PREDICTION[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(2): 76-83 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1793

References

[1] 赵剑波, 王蕾. “十四五”构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统[J]. 中国能源, 2021, 43(5): 17-21.
ZHAO J B, WANG L.Research on the new power system during the 14th Five-Year Plan[J]. Energy of China, 2021, 43(5): 17-21.
[2] 舒印彪, 赵勇, 赵良, 等. “双碳”目标下我国能源电力低碳转型路径[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(5): 1663-1671.
SHU Y B, ZHAO Y, ZHAO L, et al.Study on low carbon energy transition path toward carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(5): 1663-1671.
[3] 董昱, 孙大雁, 许丹, 等. 新型电力系统电力电量平衡的挑战、应对与展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(6): 2039-2057.
DONG Y, SUN D Y, XU D, et al.Challenges, response and prospects for power balance in new power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(6): 2039-2057.
[4] 蔡浩, 唐静, 施凯, 等. 光伏交直流混合微电网功率分配研究: 基于改进下垂控制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(5): 227-234.
CAI H, TANG J, SHI K, et al.Research on power distribution of photovoltaic AC/DC hybrid microgrid: based on improved droop control strategy[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2025, 46(5): 227-234.
[5] 冯松杰, 魏韡. 考虑新能源消纳和电力保供的电力系统多时间尺度平衡方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2025, 49(4): 128-140.
FENG S J, WEI W.Multi-timescale balancing method for power systems considering renewable energy accommodation and power supply support[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2025, 49(4): 128-140.
[6] LONG C, OCHOA L F.Voltage control of PV-rich LV networks: OLTC-fitted transformer and capacitor banks[J]. IEEE transactions on power systems, 2016, 31(5): 4016-4025.
[7] 李德鑫, 王佳蕊, 张家郡, 等. 基于自适应模型预测算法的光伏并网逆变器无功电压控制策略研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2021, 39(8): 1087-1093.
LI D X, WANG J R, ZHANG J J, et al.Research on reactive power and voltage control strategy of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on self-adapted model prediction control method[J]. Renewable energy resources, 2021, 39(8): 1087-1093.
[8] 薛蕾, 井天军, 陈义, 等. 基于相似搜索与多开端重组的配电网两时间尺度无功协调控制[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2019, 35(5): 10-19.
XUE L, JING T J, CHEN Y, et al.Reactive power coordination control method of distribution network in two-time scale based on similar search and multi-start recombination[J]. Power system and clean energy, 2019, 35(5): 10-19.
[9] SALAMA M M, SAEID E M, MAHMOUD H M, et al.Estimating the voltage stability of electrical power systems using field programmable gate array (F.P.G.A) technique[J]. Engineering research journal, 2013, 36(19): 13-23.
[10] 方景辉, 温镇. 分布式光伏就地自适应电压控制策略研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43(23): 49-55.
FANG J H, WEN Z.Research on local adaptive voltage control strategy based on distributed PV[J]. Power system protection and control, 2015, 43(23): 49-55.
[11] 蔡永翔, 张璐, 唐巍, 等. 考虑逆变器无功充裕性的含高比例户用光伏低压配电网电压控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41(9): 2799-2807.
CAI Y X, ZHANG L, TANG W, et al.A voltage control strategy for LV distribution network with high proportion residential PVs considering reactive power adequacy of PV inverters[J]. Power system technology, 2017, 41(9): 2799-2807.
[12] SHU Z, JIRUTITIJAROEN P.Optimal operation strategy of energy storage system for grid-connected wind power plants[J]. IEEE transactions on sustainable energy, 2014, 5(1): 190-199.
[13] 俞智鹏, 汤奕, 戴剑丰, 等. 基于有功自适应调整的光伏电站无功电压控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(5): 1900-1907.
YU Z P, TANG Y, DAI J F, et al.Voltage/var control strategy of PV plant based on adaptive adjustment of active power[J]. Power system technology, 2020, 44(5): 1900-1907.
[14] 王键, 钱瞳, 唐文虎, 等. 基于动态调节下垂曲线的光伏逆变器两阶段协调控制策略[J]. 广东电力, 2024, 37(2): 33-46.
WANG J, QIAN T, TANG W H, et al.Two-stage voltage coordinated control strategy of photovoltaic inverter based on dynamic adjustable droop control curve[J]. Guangdong electric power, 2024, 37(2): 33-46.
[15] 付利达, 贾清泉, 孙玲玲, 等. 构网/跟网型光伏逆变器混联的配电网有功无功双层调压策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2025, 49(12): 171-183.
FU L D, JIA Q Q, SUN L L, et al.Bi-level voltage regulation strategy for active and reactive power of distribution network with hybrid grid-forming/grid-following photovoltaic inverters[J]. Automation of electric power systems, 2025, 49(12): 171-183.
[16] 李生虎, 宫俊伟, 夏伟健, 等. 含虚拟同步机光伏并网电力系统小干扰稳定约束最优潮流算法[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(12): 146-153.
LI S H, GONG J W, XIA W J, et al.Small disturbance stability constrained optimal power flow algorithm of photovoltaic grid-connected power systems with virtual synchronous generator[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(12): 146-153.
[17] RUH J, STEINER W, FOHLER G.Clock synchronization in virtualized distributed real-time systems using IEEE 802.1AS and ACRN[J]. IEEE access, 2021, 9: 126075-126094.
[18] SUN R T, MA J P, YANG W L, et al.Transient synchronization stability control for LVRT with power angle estimation[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2021, 36(10): 10981-10985.
[19] ZHANG X, GAO Q, HU Y H, et al.Active power reserve photovoltaic virtual synchronization control technology[J]. Chinese journal of electrical engineering, 2020, 6(2): 1-6.
[20] XIONG X L, WU C, HU B, et al.Transient damping method for improving the synchronization stability of virtual synchronous generators[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2021, 36(7): 7820-7831.
[21] QIN B S, XU Y H, YUAN C, et al.A unified method of frequency oscillation characteristic analysis for multi-VSG grid-connected system[J]. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2022, 37(1): 279-289.
[22] 任佳依, 顾伟, 王勇, 等. 基于模型预测控制的主动配电网多时间尺度有功无功协调调度[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(5): 1397-1407.
REN J Y, GU W, WANG Y, et al.Multi-time scale active and reactive power coordinated optimal dispatch in active distribution network based on model predictive control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(5): 1397-1407.
[23] 夏鹏, 刘文颖, 朱丹丹, 等. 基于模型预测控制的多时间尺度无功电压优化控制方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2019, 39(3): 64-70.
XIA P, LIU W Y, ZHU D D, et al.Multi-time scale optimal control method of reactive power and voltage based on model predictive control[J]. Electric power automation equipment, 2019, 39(3): 64-70.
[24] 杨旭红, 李辉, 金宏艳, 等. 基于模型预测控制的虚拟同步发电机控制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(11): 508-514.
YANG X H, LI H, JIN H Y, et al.Virtual synchronous generator control strategy based on model predictive control[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(11): 508-514.
[25] LI P, JI J, JI H R, et al.MPC-based local voltage control strategy of DGs in active distribution networks[J]. IEEE transactions on sustainable energy, 2020, 11(4): 2911-2921.
[26] 庄红山, 亢朋朋, 赵慧杰, 等. 基于模型预测的高渗透新能源主动支撑电网无功电压快速控制方法[J]. 能源与环保, 2024, 46(12): 217-221, 227.
ZHUANG H S, KANG P P, ZHAO H J, et al.A fast reactive power and voltage control method for high penetration new energy active support power grid based on model prediction[J]. China energy and environmental protection, 2024, 46(12): 217-221, 227.
[27] 唐成虹, 董存, 戴睿鹏, 等. 基于模型预测控制的光伏场站快速协同无功电压控制[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51(17): 80-90.
TANG C H, DONG C, DAI R P, et al.Fast cooperative reactive voltage control for photovoltaic stations based on model predictive control[J]. Power system protection and control, 2023, 51(17): 80-90.
[28] DEMIROK E, GONZÁLEZ P C, FREDERIKSEN K H B, et al. Local reactive power control methods for overvoltage prevention of distributed solar inverters in low-voltage grids[J]. IEEE journal of photovoltaics, 2011, 1(2): 174-182.
[29] 何鑫, 左芸裴, 杨映海, 等. 基于虚拟同步机参数自适应调节的并网逆变器控制策略研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(7): 259-266.
HE X, ZUO Y P, YANG Y H, et al.Research on control strategy of grid-connected inverter based on parameter adaptive adjustment of virtual synchronous generator[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(7): 259-266.
[30] 陈虹. 模型预测控制[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013.
CHEN H.Model predictive control[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2013.