To investigate the optimal tilt angle adjustment methodology for photovoltaic brackets with adjustable tilt mechanisms and to quantitatively assess the benefits of tilt angle optimization in PV power generation systems, this study proposes a computational model for estimating the annual hourly power output of PV modules. The model was employed to calculate the annual hourly irradiance and corresponding power generation for identical PV modules across 97 solar radiation meteorological stations distributed throughout China. Furthermore, the systemic benefits of tilt angle adjustments were evaluated by comparing three temporal adjustment strategies （semi-annual, quarterly, and monthly） against a fixed tilt angle configuration optimized for annual performance. The findings demonstrate that dynamic tilt angle adjustment significantly enhances the efficiency of PV power generation systems. This enhancement is particularly pronounced in regions characterized by abundant solar resources, higher geographical latitudes, and larger annual optimal tilt angles. Specifically, monthly tilt angle adjustments yielded average power generation increases of 13.09%, 10.69%, 9.76%, 6.17%, and 3.23% for PV systems located in areas with extremely rich, rich, relatively rich, relatively poor, and poor solar energy resources, respectively, compared to fixed tilt angle configurations. Notably, the required range of tilt angle adjustment is relatively modest. Moreover, the quarterly adjustment strategy, which requires fewer operational interventions, still delivers substantial benefits, with power generation enhancements of 11.29%, 9.12%, 8.26%, 5.19%, and 2.80% for the five regional classifications, respectively. These results underscore the practical viability of periodic tilt angle optimization as a means of enhancing PV system performance across diverse geographical and climatic conditions.
Key words
PV modules /
PV power generation /
photovoltaic brackets /
irradiation /
optimal inclination angle /
tilt angle adjustment
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