ANALYSIS ON SAFE CONTROLLABLE BOUNDARY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY GRID-CONNECTED CONVERTERS DURING FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CONSIDERING MULTI-CONVERTER COUPLING

Rong Xiuting; Yang Guisen; Zhang Xiaoqi; Wei Ping; Xu Zigao; Jia Ke

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0656

PDF(4128 KB)

Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9) : 460-472. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0656

ANALYSIS ON SAFE CONTROLLABLE BOUNDARY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY GRID-CONNECTED CONVERTERS DURING FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CONSIDERING MULTI-CONVERTER COUPLING

Rong Xiuting¹, Yang Guisen², Zhang Xiaoqi¹, Wei Ping¹, Xu Zigao², Jia Ke²

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Renewable energy grid-connected converters are rapidly increasing in single-unit capacity and power generation share. After short-circuit faults occur, renewable energy systems without synchronous power sources rely on converters to actively inject reactive power to support grid voltage. However, the reactive power regulation range of the grid-connected converters during fault ride-through is affected by various factors including equipment electrical stress constraints and fault types. This range varies continuously during current injection, which may cause the converters to go off-grid when the injected current exceeds the safe controllable boundary. This paper takes full-power renewable energy grid-connected converters such as photovoltaic and direct-drive wind turbines as the research objects, and derives the safe controllable boundaries for converters to inject positive and negative sequence reactive currents during fault ride-through. By analyzing the coupling relationship between injected reactive current and the controllable boundaries, an iterative calculation method for the controllable boundaries considering coupling effects is proposed to improve calculation accuracy. On this basis, this paper analyzes the influence law of the electrical limit of the converter device, fault type, grid strength and other factors on the controllable boundaries, which can provide a design basis for the reactive current references of converters during fault ride-through. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed controllable boundary calculation method are verified by the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform.

Key words

renewable energy grid-connected converter / fault ride-through / multi-converter coupling / safe controllable boundary / reactive power regulation / unbalanced fault

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

Rong Xiuting, Yang Guisen, Zhang Xiaoqi, Wei Ping, Xu Zigao, Jia Ke. ANALYSIS ON SAFE CONTROLLABLE BOUNDARY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY GRID-CONNECTED CONVERTERS DURING FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CONSIDERING MULTI-CONVERTER COUPLING[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(9): 460-472 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0656

References

[1] 国家能源局. 2025年1—9月份全国电力工业统计数据[EB/OL]. (2025-10-26)[2026-08-24]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/20251026/70d3b88f62f1401bbe47a8212e06ad8e/c.html.
National Energy Administration. National electric power industry statistics for January September2025[EB/OL].(2025-10-26)[2026-08-24].https://www.nea.gov.cn/20251026/70d3b88f62f1401bbe47a8212e06ad8e/c.html.
[2] International Energy Agency.Global Energy Review 2026[EB/OL].(2026-04-20). [2026-08-24]. https://www.iea.org/reports/globalenergyreview2026.
[3] North American Electric Reliability Corporation. San Fernando Disturbance[EB/OL]. (2020-11-01)[2026-08-24]. https://www.nerc.com/pa/rrm/ea/Documents/NERC_2021_California_Solar_PV_Disturbances_Report.pdf.
[4] Issue 3 revision. 24 The grid code[S].
[5] Grid code-version 3.0 ESB National Grid[S].
[6] VDE-AR-N4120 Technical requirements for the connection and operation of customer installations to the high voltage network (TAB high voltage)[S].
[7] November 3, 2009 Technical requirements for wind generation interconnection and integration[S].
[8] GB/T 19964—2024 光伏发电站接入电力系统技术规定[S].
GB/T 19964—2024 Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system[S].
[9] GB/T 50797—2012, 光伏发电站设计规范[S].
GB/T 50797—2012, Code for design of photovoltaic power station[S].
[10] Tian X S, Wang W S, Li X, et al.Fault ride through strategy of DFIG using rotor voltage direct compensation control under voltage phase angle jump[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2019, 5(4): 515-523.
[11] 贾科, 张旸, 毕天姝, 等. 基于低穿指令分阶段动态补偿的弱电网新能源电源快速低电压穿越控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(增刊1): 46-57.
Jia K, Zhang Y, Bi T S, et al.Dynamically staged commands compensating based fast LVRT control for inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources connecting to weak grids[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2025, 45(S1): 46-57.
[12] Liu X B, Zhang Z J, Liu Y L, et al.Fault current multi-stages calculation method for DFIG-based wind farms with whole fault process attributes under asymmetrical grid fault conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2024, 15(4): 2361-2379.
[13] Wang S, Shang L.Fault ride through strategy of virtual-synchronous-controlled DFIG-based wind turbines under symmetrical grid faults[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2020, 35(3): 1360-1371.
[14] Ma H Y, Liu J, Zhang X, et al.Reconfigurable modular PV converter for flexible overcurrent capacity[C]//2023 IEEE 2nd International Power Electronics and Application Symposium (PEAS). Guangzhou, China, 2023: 645-650.
[15] 熊浩, 杜雄, 孙鹏菊, 等. 三相并网变流器在电网不对称故障时的有功功率安全运行区域[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(20): 6110-6118.
Xiong H, Du X, Sun P J, et al.Active power safe operation region of three-phase grid-connected voltage source converter under unbalanced grid faults[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(20): 6110-6118.
[16] Shabestary M M, Mohamed Y A I. An analytical method to obtain maximum allowable grid support by using grid-connected converters[J]. IEEE transactions on sustainable energy, 2016, 7(4): 1558-1571.
[17] Shabestary M M, Mohamed Y A I. Asymmetrical ride-through and grid support in converter-interfaced DG units under unbalanced conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 66(2): 1130-1141.
[18] Shabestary M M, Mohamed Y A I. Advanced voltage support and active power flow control in grid-connected converters under unbalanced conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(2): 1855-1864.
[19] Shabestary M M, Mohamed Y A I. Autonomous coordinated control scheme for cooperative asymmetric low-voltage ride-through and grid support in active distribution networks with multiple DG units[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2020, 11(3): 2125-2139.
[20] Guo Y F, Gao H L, Wu Q W, et al.Enhanced voltage control of VSC-HVDC-connected offshore wind farms based on model predictive control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2018, 9(1): 474-487.
[21] 任颉, 周鹏鹏. 用于光伏逆变器故障穿越的载波交叠调制优化[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2024, 52(14): 167-176.
Ren J, Zhou P P.Optimization of carrier overlap modulation for fault ride-through of photovoltaic inverters[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2024, 52(14): 167-176.
[22] 黄萌, 舒思睿, 李锡林, 等. 面向同步稳定性的电力电子并网变流器分析与控制研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(19): 5978-5994.
Huang M, Shu S R, Li X L, et al.A review of synchronization-stability-oriented analysis and control of power electronic grid-connected converters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(19): 5978-5994.
[23] Garnica López M A, García de Vicuña J L, Miret J, et al. Control strategy for grid-connected three-phase inverters during voltage sags to meet grid codes and to maximize power delivery capability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(11): 9360-9374.
[24] 郑涛, 邹芃蓥, 颜景娴, 等. 适用于高比例风电接入的自适应低电压故障穿越控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(12): 4666-4675.
Zheng T, Zou P Y, Yan J X, et al.Adaptive low voltage ride-through control strategy for high proportion of wind access[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(12): 4666-4675.
[25] 张旸, 贾科, 毕天姝, 等. 规模化新能源场站接入弱电网场景的故障暂态电压支撑控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(13): 4956-4966.
Zhang Y, Jia K, Bi T S, et al.Fault transient voltage support control for large-scale renewable power plant connecting to weak grid[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2025, 45(13): 4956-4966.
[26] 高丙团, 胡正阳, 王伟胜, 等. 新能源场站快速有功控制及频率支撑技术综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(11): 4335-4352.
Gao B T, Hu Z Y, Wang W S, et al.Review on fast active power control and frequency support technologies of renewable energy stations[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(11): 4335-4352.
[27] 王淑超, 孙光辉, 俞诚生, 等. 光伏发电系统级快速功率调控技术及其应用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(21): 6254-6263.
Wang S C, Sun G H, Yu C S, et al.Photovoltaic power generation system level rapid power control technology and its application[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(21): 6254-6263.
[28] 戴志辉, 栾琨, 吴桐, 等. 多光伏电源两阶段式故障穿越协调控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2026, 46(1): 243-254.
Dai Z H, Luan K, Wu T, et al.Multi-photovoltaic two-stage fault ride-through coordinated control strategy[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2026, 46(1): 243-254.
[29] 董玮, 施志明, 张晓琳, 等. 计及新能源场站调频时延的电力系统频率响应模型及应用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(12): 4657-4668.
Dong W, Shi Z M, Zhang X L, et al.Frequency response model and application of power system considering the frequency regulation delay of renewable energy station[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(12): 4657-4668.
[30] GB/T 11024.1—2019 标称电压1000 V以上交流电力系统用并联电容器第1部分:总则[S].
GB/T 11024.1—2019 Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above1000 V: Part 1: General[S].
[31] 廖一丁, 夏向阳, 刘俊翔, 等. 电网不对称故障下光伏并网逆变器的无功支撑控制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(9): 326-333.
Liao Y D, Xia X Y, Liu J X, et al.Reactive power support control strategy for PV grid-connected inverters under asymmetric grid faults[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2024, 45(9): 326-333.
[32] 郝木凯, 王伟胜, 刘芳, 等. dq坐标系下并网逆变器控制稳定性不对称现象及特性分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(8): 612-624.
Hao M K, Wang W S, Liu F, et al.Stability asymmetric phenomena and characteristic analysis of grid-connected inverter in d-q synchronous rotating reference frame[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(8): 612-624.