STACKELBERG GAME OPTIMAL SCHEDULING FOR LOW-CARBON INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEMS CONSIDERING SOURCE-LOAD UNCERTAINTY

Zhao Yuyang; Tang Yifan; Liang Yumei; Wei Yifan; Sun Hexu

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0664

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Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9) : 493-504. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0664

STACKELBERG GAME OPTIMAL SCHEDULING FOR LOW-CARBON INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEMS CONSIDERING SOURCE-LOAD UNCERTAINTY

Zhao Yuyang^1,2, Tang Yifan¹, Liang Yumei¹, Wei Yifan¹, Sun Hexu^1,2

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Abstract

To balance the interests of energy operators and end-users while achieving low-carbon and economical operation of integrated energy systems (IES）, a Stackelberg game-based optimal scheduling method for hydrogen-containing integrated energy systems (HIES） considering source-load uncertainties is proposed. Based on Stackelberg game theory, a bi-level pricing model is constructed where the integrated energy operator (IEO） acts as the leader and the load aggregator (LA） as the follower. A robust optimization method with adjustable coefficients is adopted to quantify the uncertain parameters. To cope with the bi-level nested structure, multi-objective features and uncertain constraints of the model, a multi-objective optimization approach based on compromise programming is combined with the adaptive differential evolution (ADE） algorithm for bi-level game solution. Finally, a case study using data from the Chongli wind-solar-hydrogen coupled demonstration project is conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy enhances the operational security of energy networks and achieves balanced benefit distribution between IEO and LA.

Key words

optimal scheduling / renewable energy / uncertainty analysis / integrated energy systems / game theory / demand response / multi-objective optimization

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Zhao Yuyang, Tang Yifan, Liang Yumei, Wei Yifan, Sun Hexu. STACKELBERG GAME OPTIMAL SCHEDULING FOR LOW-CARBON INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEMS CONSIDERING SOURCE-LOAD UNCERTAINTY[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(9): 493-504 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0664

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