MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING TEMPERATURE RISE OF LARGE-SCALE WIND TURBINE GENERATORS

Zhang Hui; Cui Quanwei; Zhou Jianxing; Wu An

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0668

PDF(3168 KB)

Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9) : 705-716. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0668

MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING TEMPERATURE RISE OF LARGE-SCALE WIND TURBINE GENERATORS

Zhang Hui¹, Cui Quanwei¹, Zhou Jianxing¹, Wu An²

Author information +

History +

Abstract

In large-capacity permanent magnet synchronous wind generators （PMSGs）, excessive temperature rise induces critical challenges such as insulation degradation and irreversible demagnetization of permanent magnets. This study investigates a 2 MW PMSG and calculates its temperature distribution based on electromagnetic and windage loss coupling analysis. Results indicate that the equivalent thermal network method and unidirectional magneto-thermal coupling model produce considerable calculation errors due to the neglect of multi-factor interactions. To solve this problem, a bidirectional magneto-thermal coupling model is developed, incorporating linear regression and random forest algorithms for accurate temperature prediction and sensitivity analysis. The random forest model demonstrates superior capability in characterizing the nonlinear relationship between winding temperature and influencing factors including wind speed, rotational speed and ambient temperature. Among these factors, rotational speed exhibits the strongest positive correlation with winding temperature rise, followed by wind speed, while ambient temperature has the least influence. Moreover, the variation of winding temperature shows a delayed response, with the shortest latency for wind speed variations, followed by rotational speed changes, and the slowest to ambient temperature fluctuations. Comparative analysis confirms that the random forest model outperforms the linear regression model in prediction accuracy, and the bidirectional coupling simulations align closely with its predictions, whereas unidirectional coupling and thermal network methods show lower accuracy.

Key words

wind turbine generator / finite element method / magneto-thermal coupling / equivalent thermal network / machine learning / temperature distribution

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

Zhang Hui,Cui Quanwei,Zhou Jianxing,Wu An. MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING TEMPERATURE RISE OF LARGE-SCALE WIND TURBINE GENERATORS[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(9): 705-716 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0668

References

[1] Ji J, Zhang C X, Zhang X L, et al.Recent research advances in wind turbine thermal management technologies[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, 208: 114983.
[2] 靳永春, 陈俐, 邹宇晟, 等. 永磁同步驱动电机温度场研究进展综述[J]. 电气传动, 2023, 53(1): 28-38.
Jin Y C, Chen L, Zou Y S, et al.Review on research progress of PMSM temperature field[J]. Electric Drive, 2023, 53(1): 28-38.
[3] 吴胜男, 郝大全, 佟文明. 基于等效热网络法和CFD法高速永磁同步电机热计算研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2022, 26(7): 29-36.
Wu S N, Hao D Q, Tong W M.Thermal calculation of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor based on equivalent thermal network and CFD method[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2022, 26(7): 29-36.
[4] 丁树业, 江欣, 朱敏, 等. 基于集总参数热网络法的永磁同步电机启动及稳态温升分析[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2020, 24(5): 143-150.
Ding S Y, Jiang X, Zhu M, et al.Starting and steady temperature rise investigation for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on lumped-parameter thermal-network[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2020, 24(5): 143-150.
[5] Jiang X D, Zhang Y, Jin S, et al.A novel thermal network model used for temperature calculation and analysis on brushless doubly-fed generator with winding encapsulating structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, 55(2): 1473-1483.
[6] Sciascera C, Giangrande P, Papini L, et al.Analytical thermal model for fast stator winding temperature prediction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(8): 6116-6126.
[7] 杨明岱, 王宪, 赵前程, 等. 永磁同步风电机组发电机定子温度建模方法[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(5): 319-326.
Yang M D, Wang X, Zhao Q C, et al.Modeling method of stator temperature of pmsg wind turbine[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2022, 43(5): 319-326.
[8] 陈万玮, 刘豪. 混合转子双定子风力发电机的温度场计算[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2024(12): 81-86, 90.
Chen W W, Liu H.Temperature field calculation of hybrid rotor dual-stator wind generator[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2024(12): 81-86, 90.
[9] Pei Z L, Zhao J W, Song J C, et al.Temperature field calculation and water-cooling structure design of coreless permanent magnet synchronous linear motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(2): 1065-1076.
[10] Dong B T, Wang K, Han B C, et al.Thermal analysis and experimental validation of a 30 kW 60000 r/min high-speed permanent magnet motor with magnetic bearings[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 92184-92192.
[11] 李洁, 吴硕阳, 刘卫斌, 等. 电磁-温度-流体场双向耦合下永磁同步风力发电机电感与磁链摄动分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(4): 469-476.
Li J, Wu S Y, Liu W B, et al.Inductance and flux linkage perturbation analysis of permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine under bidirectional coupling of electromagnetic-temperature-fluid field[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(4): 469-476.
[12] 时培成, 夏仙阳, 陈晨, 等. 基于场路耦合方法的永磁同步电机温度场研究[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2021, 53(3): 425-434.
Shi P C, Xia X Y, Chen C, et al.Temperature field of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on coupled field-circuit[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2021, 53(3): 425-434.
[13] 韩雪岩, 宋聪. 基于磁热耦合法车用永磁同步电机温升计算及影响因素的研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2020, 24(2): 28-35.
Han X Y, Song C.Research on temperature rise influencing factors and calculation of permanent magnet synchronous motor for vehicle based on magneto-thermal coupling method[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2020, 24(2): 28-35.
[14] 熊斌, 崔刚, 鲍炳炎, 等. 基于磁热耦合法的高功率密度永磁电机永磁体温度分布特性与试验研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2024, 28(11): 104-116.
Xiong B, Cui G, Bao B Y, et al.Temperature distribution characteristics and experiment of permanent magnet for high power density permanent magnet motor based on electromagnetic thermal coupling method[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2024, 28(11): 104-116.
[15] 倪未希, 刘宇阳, 陈俐. 散热工况下永磁同步电机转子温度的卷积神经网络预测[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2025, 29(1): 15-24, 36.
Ni W X, Liu Y Y, Chen L.Rotor temperature prediction of PMSM under cooling conditions using convolutional neural network[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2025, 29(1): 15-24, 36.
[16] Lee J, Ha J I.Temperature estimation of PMSM using a difference-estimating feedforward neural network[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 130855-130865.
[17] 孟治金, 刘宇阳, 陈俐. 基于迭代式粒子群优化的永磁同步电机热网络模型参数辨识研究[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2024, 28(1): 1-11.
Meng Z J, Liu Y Y, Chen L.Iterative particle swarm optimization based parameter identification of lumped-parameter thermal network for permanent magnet synchronous motors[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2024, 28(1): 1-11.
[18] Li W L, Li L, Gao H Y, et al.Influence of direct-connected inverter with one power switch open circuit fault on electromagnetic field and temperature field of permanent magnet synchronous motor[J]. IET Electric Power Applications, 2018, 12(6): 815-825.
[19] 姚仲安. 高密度永磁同步电机的损耗计算及温度场分析[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2022.
Yao Z A.Loss calculation and temperature field analysis of high-density permanent magnet synchronous motors[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2022.
[20] 李梅, 刘爱民. 高速电机风摩损耗计算及温升分析[J]. 大电机技术, 2023(3): 1-7.
Li M, Liu A M.Wind friction loss calculation and temperature rise analysis of high-speed motor[J]. Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine, 2023(3): 1-7.
[21] Luo H, Zhang Y, Wang H J, et al.Analysis of multi-field coupled air friction loss and temperature field of high-speed permanent magnet machine[J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 118-124.
[22] 吴胜男, 李文杰, 安忠良, 等. 变速恒压混合励磁风力发电机的热分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(9): 1857-1864.
Wu S N, Li W J, An Z L, et al.Thermal analysis of variable-speed constant-voltage hybrid excited wind generators[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(9): 1857-1864.
[23] 温彩凤, 汪建文, 代元军, 等. 高功率密度永磁风力发电机非稳态温度场分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2012, 33(10): 1690-1696.
Wen C F, Wang J W, Dai Y J, et al.Analysis of non-steady-state temperature field for high power density permanent magnet wind generator[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2012, 33(10): 1690-1696.
[24] 朱志莹, 张巍, 朱海浪, 等. 轴向永磁磁悬浮飞轮电机损耗计算与温度场分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(4): 174-180.
Zhu Z Y, Zhang W, Zhu H L, et al.Analysis of loss and temperature field of axial permanent magnet magnetic bearingless flywheel machine[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(4): 174-180.
[25] 谢颖, 胡圣明, 陈鹏, 等. 永磁同步电机匝间短路故障温度场分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(2): 322-331.
Xie Y, Hu S M, Chen P, et al.Thermal field analysis on inter-turn short circuit fault of permanent magnet synchronous motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(2): 322-331.
[26] 何玉灵, 李勇, 张文, 等. 永磁同步发电机匝间短路故障对绕组绝缘温升特性的影响[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2024, 28(4): 18-30.
He Y L, Li Y, Zhang W, et al.Impact of inter-turn short fault on winding insulation temperature rising characteristic in PMSG[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2024, 28(4): 18-30.
[27] 王晓远, 高鹏. 等效热网络法和有限元法在轮毂电机温度场计算中的应用[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(16): 26-33.
Wang X Y, Gao P.Application of equivalent thermal network method and finite element method in temperature calculation of in-wheel motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(16): 26-33.
[28] 史立伟, 刘政委, 乔志伟, 等. 基于磁热耦合法的非对称混合磁极永磁电机热分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(1): 207-218.
Shi L W, Liu Z W, Qiao Z W, et al.Thermal analysis of asymmetric hybrid pole permanent magnet motor based on magneto-thermal coupling method[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (engineering science), 2024, 58(1): 207-218.