OPTIMIZATION OF BIDDING STRATEGIES FOR PV-DRIVEN HYDROGEN STATION IN ENERGY AND FREQUENCY REGULATION MARKETS

Luo Dan; Huang Xianchao; Zhang Jingzhong

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0694

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Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9) : 229-241. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0694

OPTIMIZATION OF BIDDING STRATEGIES FOR PV-DRIVEN HYDROGEN STATION IN ENERGY AND FREQUENCY REGULATION MARKETS

Luo Dan¹, Huang Xianchao¹, Zhang Jingzhong²

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Abstract

Firstly, this study establishes a multi-condition operation model for electrolyzer arrays incorporating start-stop characteristics, while introducing lifespan degradation cost induced by power fluctuations to quantify the impact of frequent power fluctuations caused by simultaneous participation in energy and frequency regulation markets on the lifespan of hydrogen production equipment. Secondly, a two-stage stochastic-robust optimization model is formulated to maximize total revenue, systematically considering various influencing factors such as the operation characteristics of electrolyzer arrays, photovoltaic output and electricity market price uncertainty. The proposed max-min-max optimization framework with integer variables is effectively solved using the Nested Column-and-Constraint Generation algorithm. Finally, simulation results across four operational scenarios demonstrate that PV-driven hydrogen stations adopting the dual-market participation strategy achieve comprehensive revenue maximization while enhancing photovoltaic self-consumption rates and renewable energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the developed operational strategy balancing start-stop dynamics and power fluctuation effects enables dynamic trade-offs between frequency regulation revenues and equipment degradation costs, establishing an equilibrium between short-term economic returns and long-term operational reliability of hydrogen production systems.

Key words

PV-driven hydrogen station / frequency regulation market / two-phase optimization / bidding strategies / Nested-C&CG algorithm

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Luo Dan, Huang Xianchao, Zhang Jingzhong. OPTIMIZATION OF BIDDING STRATEGIES FOR PV-DRIVEN HYDROGEN STATION IN ENERGY AND FREQUENCY REGULATION MARKETS[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2026, 47(9): 229-241 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0694

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