为研究垂直轴风力机风场中机组气动性能受格尼襟翼的影响,采用TSST湍流模型对直线翼垂直轴风力机进行数值模拟研究。结果表明：风场上游风力机组尖速比越大,机组间流体加速效果越显著,使风力机组气动性能高于单风力机;在中低尖速比时,格尼襟翼可有效提升单个风力机气动效率,在尖速比较高时,提升效果并不明显;在风力机组中安装格尼襟翼且可优化上游风力机组尾迹流场并提高机组间流体的加速效果,使下游风力机获得更高的风能利用率;当格尼襟翼风力机组采用交错排布方式时,下游风力机可利用阻塞效应和格尼襟翼的双重优势,叶片平均切向力较单风力机大幅提升,且风场中3台风力机切向力的平均值高于单台风力机,风场中机组整体性能得到提高。
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Gurney flap on the aerodynamic performance of the vertical axis wind turbine （VAWT） in array configurations, the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations aimed at straight blade vertical axis wind turbine by means of the TSST turbulence model is presented. The results indicate that： with the tip speed ratio of upstream paired VAWTs in array configurations increasing, the phenomenon of flow velocity acceleration though the gap of the configrations is more obvious, which makes the aerodynamic performance of the VAWTs in array configurations be better than that of isolated wind turbine. The Gurney flap can improve significantly the power extraction of the isolated VAWT in low-medium tip speed ratio region while in relatively high tip speed ratio region, the improvement effect is not obvious. The installations of Gurney flap on the VAWT array configurations can optimize the wake flow filed of upstream turbines and increase the acceleration effect of the gap between upstream turbines, so that the downstream rotor achieves higher power coefficient. When vertical axis wind turbine farm configurations with Gurney flap adopted staggered arrangement pattern, the downstream wind turbine can utilize the both advantages of blockage effects and the Gurney flap, leading to a significantly enhancement of the average tangential force of the single blade compared to isolated machine. Meanwhile, the average value of the tangential force of the three machines in the wind farm is higher than that of the isolated wind turbine, and the overall performance of the wind turbines in the wind farm is improved.
关键词
垂直轴风力机 /
数值模拟 /
气动特性 /
格尼襟翼 /
风场
Key words
vertical axis wind turbines /
numerical simulation /
aerodynamic characteristics /
Gurney flap /
wind farm
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51976131; 51676131）; 国家自然基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目（51811530315）; 上海市“科技创新行动计划”地方院校能力建设项目（19060502200）
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