关键词: 可再生能源, 热能, 中低温能源, 能源结构, 能源资源, 预测

Abstract: Promoting the large-scale application of mid- /low-temperature energy is an effective way to restructure China's energy supply patterns and achieve the goal of clean, low-carbon and sustainable developments. However, there are currently no perfect statistics and clear special energy planning of the mid- /low-temperature energy resources in China, and thus their developments and utilizations are unclear. Besides, since the mid- /low-temperature energy resources are featured by the low energy grade and low energy density, their developments and utilizations still face intractable problems, such as the difficult obtainment way, single utilization mode, and lack of effective technical route guidance. In China, from the perspective of energy supply and demand matching in current energy structures, this paper comprehensively reviews the annual available amounts, utilization status and development potentials of four typical kinds of the mid- /low-temperature energy resources, including the geothermal energy, solar energy, industrial waste heat and the ocean thermal energy. Afterwards, this paper forecasts the future energy structures and discusses the relevant cutting-edge technologies. It is shown that the annual available exergy amounts of the geothermal energy, solar energy, industrial waste heat, and ocean thermal energy in China is 1.17×10¹⁰, 4.90×10¹⁰, 4.86×10⁶ and 2.95×10⁹ TJ, respectively, but the current utilization amounts of the mid- /low-temperature energy resources only account for about 3% of the total energy consumptions（1.36×10⁸ TJ in 2017）. In the forecast analysis, it is found that the energy utilization proportion of the four typical energy resources rises form 8% to 21% by the year of 2050, which proves the significance of the mid- /low-temperature energy resources and the promising prospect of the related research.

Key words: renewable energy, thermal energy, mid-/low-temperature energy, energy structure, energy resources, forecasting