采用KOH、K2CO3和ZnCl2为活化剂,椰壳、竹子、杨木和棉秆为原材料制备活性炭,研究不同活化剂对生物质热解活化产物及活性炭理化特性的影响。结果表明,KOH活化时,生物质的固液气三相比例均衡,CO体积产量最高,活性炭的表面官能团稳定性最好,骨架破碎,微孔结构发达,微孔面积可达749.90 m2/g。K2CO3活化时,生物质活化气体产率最高,可达68.96%,活性炭介孔结构发达,比表面积、总孔体积最大,分别可达1449.53 m2/g和0.93 cm3/g。ZnCl2活化时,H2体积产量大于40%,活性炭产率最高达48.48%,活性炭的固定碳含量、C转化率、石墨化程度最高,孔洞分布整齐,比表面积和总孔体积低于K2CO3活性炭。
Abstract
Activated carbons are prepared from poplar wood,coconut shell,cotton stalk and bamboo by using KOH, K2CO3 and ZnCl2 as the activators . The effects of different activators on the physicochemical properties of pyrolysis products and activated carbons are investigated. The results show that when KOH is used as the activator,there is a balance in the proportions of three-phase products （gas,liquid,and solid） from the biomass,and the volume yield of CO is the highest;besides,the activated carbon has the highest stability of surface functional groups but with broken skeleton,and exhibits well develop microporous structures （749.90 m2/g）. The activation by K2CO3,leads to the highest gas yield（up to 68.96%） of the biomass,and the activated carbon has highly developed mesoporous structures as well as the largest specific surface area （1449.53 m2/g） and total pore volume （0.93 cm3/g）. Under the activation by ZnCl2,the volume yield of H2 can exceed 40%,and the yield of activated carbon is the highest （up to 48.48%）. In addition,ZnCl2 activation results in the highest fixed carbon content and carbon conversion rate,the activated carbon has smaller specific surface area and total pore volume than obtained under the activation of K2CO3, and exhibits a regular pore distribution and the highest graphitization degree.
关键词
生物质 /
化学活化 /
活性炭 /
活化剂 /
理化特性 /
孔隙结构
Key words
biomass /
chemical activation /
activated carbon /
activators /
physicochemical properties /
pore structure
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基金
国家自然科学基金（31701310）;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2662020GXPY013）
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