典型气象年可为建筑节能设计提供必要的气象数据条件。在挑选典型气象年的过程中,通常要具备30 a的气象数据资料,包括如干球温度、太阳辐射、风速、露点温度等。中国南海岛礁地区地面气象观测数据缺失问题严重,特别是太阳辐射数据较难获得。针对这一问题,以西沙地区为例,基于中国气象局提供的近30 a（1985—2014）实测气象数据,探讨了露点温度、太阳辐射数据缺失时典型气象年的挑选方法。用干球温度、大气压力、相对湿度数据计算露点温度,以日照时数代替太阳辐射数据,基于Sandia国家实验室法生成了西沙典型气象年,得到的典型年气象数据与长期历史观测数据的累积分布曲线吻合度高,均方根误差值、平均偏差值小,可见该方法可靠准确。因此,当太阳辐射数据缺失时可用日照时数挑选典型年,进而计算温度、湿度和风速等关键气象要素的典型年数据,为被动式太阳能建筑设计和主动式太阳能技术利用提供基础资料。由生成的典型年气象数据可知,西沙地区具有常年高温、高湿和高风速的气候特点,这与长期地面观测数据相吻合。
Abstract
The typical meteorological year （TMY） provides essential meteorological data for building energy efficiency design. To generate TMY, dry bulb temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and dew point temperature data over 30-year period are generally required. However, the lack of the meteorological observation data in the islands and reefs of the South China Sea is a serious problem, especially solar radiation data is difficult to obtain. Considering this situation, this paper takes Xisha islands in South China Sea as an example and studies the generation method of TMY under the condition of no solar radiation data or dew point temperature. Based on the nearly 30-year （1985-2014） meteorological data provided by the China Meteorological Administration, TMY for Xisha islands is generated using sunshine hours instead of solar radiation in developed Sandia method, and dew point temperature calculated with dry bulb temperature, atmosphere pressure and relative temperature. The obtained TMY data is in good agreement with long-term measured data in terms of cumulative distribution function curve, and both root mean square error value and mean bias error calculated between these two dataset are small. This indicates that the proposed method is reliable and accurate. Therefore, when solar radiation data is missing, sunshine hours can be used as a replacement to determine TMY and subsequently generate the typical annual data of multiple parameters such as temperature, humidity and wind speed. The obtained TMY data can be used for design of passive solar building and application of active solar technology. According to the generated typical annual meteorological data, Xisha islands is characterized with high temperature, high humidity and strong wind throughout the year, which is consistent with the long-term measured data.
关键词
气象数据 /
太阳辐射 /
日照时数 /
露点温度 /
建筑能耗
Key words
meteorological data /
solar radiation /
sunshine hours /
dew point temperature /
building energy consumption
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基金
国家“十三五”重点研发计划（2018YFC0704505）; 国家自然科学基金（51838011）; 北京工业大学“日新人才”计划
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