利用黄河源区7个气象站1961—2017年的日照时数、平均总云量、降水日数、相对湿度等地面气象观测资料,对近57年黄河源区日照时数的变化趋势及影响因子进行分析。发现黄河源区年日照时数的空间分布呈北多南少的特点,位于北部的玛多、兴海日照时数最多,而位于南部的久治、红原最少;各季节日照时数的空间分布特征与年日照时数相似。黄河源区日照时数的年际变化表现为兴海、红原的年日照时数呈下降趋势,下降趋势分别为-28.6 h/10 a、-18.4 h/10 a,其余各地均呈上升的趋势,玛多上升趋势最明显,为22.4 h/10 a。黄河源区日照时数的月际变化表现为明显的三峰二谷的特征,4、8、11月份为3个高值时段,6、9月份为2个低值时段,其中9月份日照时数为全年最低。周期分析结果表明：黄河源区日照时数的周期变化主要以2 a、4~6 a、10~13 a和22~30 a周期为主。源区日照时数和平均总云量、降水日数、相对湿度呈明显的负相关;空间分布上随总云量、降水日数、相对湿度自南向北的减少日照时数明显增多;日照时数与总云量的相关性最好,尤其季节总云量的变化对年日照时数的变化影响最敏感。源区总云量与日照时数在空间分布上恰好相反。降水日数、相对湿度的减少也是源区日照时数增加的一个重要原因。黄河源区太阳能资源丰富,且黄河源头—吉迈区间日照时数呈持续增加的趋势,有利于太阳能资源的开发和利用。
Abstract
Based on the ground meteorological observation data of sunshine hours, average total cloud cover, precipitation days and relative humidity from seven meteorological stations in the source area of the Yellow River from 1961 to 2017, the variation trend and influencing factors of sunshine hours in the source area of the Yellow River in recent 57 years were analyzed. It was found that the spatial distribution of annual sunshine hours in the source area of the Yellow River was more in the north and less in the south. Maduo and Xinghai in the north had the most sunshine hours, while Jiuzhi and Hongyuan in the South had the least sunshine hours. The spatial distribution of seasonal sunshine hours was similar to the annual average sunshine hours. The interannual variation of sunshine hours in the source area of the Yellow River indicated that the annual sunshine hours in Xinghai and Hongyuan showed a downward trend, with a downward trend of -28.6 h/10 a and -18.4 h/10 a respectively, and the rest showed an upward trend, with Maduo showing the most obvious upward trend, and the ratio was 22.4 h/10 a. The monthly variation of sunshine hours in the source area of the Yellow River showed obvious characteristics of three peaks and two valleys. There were three high value periods in April, August and November, and two low value periods in June and September, of which the sunshine hours in September were the lowest in the whole year. The results of periodic analysis showed that the periodic changes of sunshine hours in the source area of the Yellow River were mainly 2 a, 4-6 a, 10-13 a and 22-30 a. Sunshine hours were significantly negatively correlated with the total cloud amount, precipitation days and relative humidity. In spatial distribution, sunshine hours increased significantly with the decrease of total cloud amount, precipitation days and relative humidity from south to north. The correlation between sunshine hours and total cloud cover was the best, especially the change of seasonal total cloud cover was the most sensitive to the change of annual sunshine hours. The spatial distribution of total cloud cover and sunshine hours was just opposite. The decrease of precipitation days and relative humidity was one of the important reasons for the increase of sunshine hours. The source area of the Yellow River is rich in solar energy resources, and the range from the source of the Yellow River to Jimai showed a continuous increasing trend, which is conducive to the development and utilization of solar energy resources.
关键词
太阳能资源 /
黄河源区 /
日照时数 /
空间分布 /
变化趋势 /
影响因子
Key words
solar energy resources /
the source area of the Yellow River /
sunshine hours /
spatial distribution /
variation trend /
influencing factors
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基金
《“一带一路”太阳能高辐射区光能开发潜力与利用效率评估研究及应用》项目（2020C—34）; 2020年干旱气象科学研究基金（IAM202009）
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