采用ZephIR 300激光雷达测风设备对呼和浩特市区某建筑风场进行为期12个月的现场测量,获取11~200 m内共11个高度上的风速、风向及湍流强度值,然后对风场的湍流特性进行分析,并计算6种风力机的年容量系数。结果表明：所有高度上0~3 m/s低风速的出现频率明显增大,出现频率最高的风速在2.0~2.5 m/s,而大于10 m/s风速的出现概率几乎为零,而且传统威布尔概率密度分布不能准确对城市建筑环境内的低风速分布概率做出预测;0°~90°区间内的风向出现频率较高,但风功率密度却相对较低,不能仅以盛行风向为依据选择风力机的安装地点,而需同时考虑不同风向上的风功率密度;为避开强湍流区域,低矮建筑环境内风力机的安装高度应高于建筑平均高度,且应设置为分时段和分风向工作模式;而低额定风速和低切入风速是建筑环境内风力机高容量系数的有效保证,其中低额定风速的影响更大。
Abstract
This paper evaluates the wind resource in a building environment of Hohhot by employing ZephIR 300 lidar wind measuring device for 12 months. Thus, wind speed, wind direction and turbulence intensity at 11 heights are obtained. Then wind characteristics and annual capacity coefficients of six wind turbines are analyzed based on experimental data. The results show that the frequency of low wind speed （0-3 m/s） is obviously higher at all heights, while the maximum frequency wind speed is decreasing and the occurrence of wind speed greater than 10 m/s is almost zero. Moreover, the traditional Weibull probability density distribution cannot accurately predict the probability of low wind speed distribution in the urban environment. Although there is high frequency of wind direction in 0°-90°, the wind power density is relatively low. Therefore, installation site of wind turbine in a building environment is determined by simultaneously considering the prevailing wind direction and the wind power density in different wind directions. In order to avoid the strong turbulence area, the installation height of wind turbine in the low-rise building environment should be higher than the average building height, and it should be set as the working mode of different periods. Last, both the low rated wind speed and the low cut-in wind speed are guarantees for a higher capacity factor in a building environment and the low rated wind speed has greater effect.
关键词
风能评估 /
湍流 /
风速 /
风功率密度 /
容量系数 /
建筑环境
Key words
wind energy assessment /
turbulence /
wind speed /
wind power density /
capacity factor /
building environment
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基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金（2019LH05024）
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