核壳基生物质热解炭特性及其改性研究

张万里; 刘平; 殷广智; 孔天岐; 李润东

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2023-0296

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太阳能学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6) : 10-21. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2023-0296

核壳基生物质热解炭特性及其改性研究

张万里, 刘平, 殷广智, 孔天岐, 李润东

作者信息 +

CHARACTERISTICS AND MODIFICATION OF PYROLYSIS CARBON OF CORE-SHELL BASED BIOMASS

Zhang Wanli, Liu Ping, Yin Guangzhi, Kong Tianqi, Li Rundong

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摘要

以椰子壳、花生壳、榛子壳3种核壳基生物质为原料,在不同热解温度（400、550、700 ℃）下制备热解炭并进行酸（HNO₃）和碱（KOH）改性,进而对核壳基生物质热解炭及其改性炭材料的产率、导电性能、元素成分、比表面积和孔隙、微观形貌、傅里叶红外光谱等特性进行研究。结果表明,椰子壳炭产率受热解温度变化的影响最小,榛子壳炭产率最高。随着热解温度的升高,热解炭电导率（700 ℃热解所得椰子壳炭最高,为6.24×10⁵μS/cm）、灰分和固定碳含量增大,炭化程度更高,H/C、O/C和（O+N）/C物质的量之比降低,炭稳定性和芳香性更强,孔径略降,而比表面积显著增大（700 ℃热解所得花生壳炭最高,为393.10 m²/g）,脱羧基和羰基化致含氧官能团减少。酸（HNO₃）、碱（KOH）改性对热解炭特性有显著影响。酸改性后热解炭表面更疏松且有丰富的孔道结构,酸性官能团（C＝O）数量增多,400 ℃所得3类热解炭电导率均显著上升而550和700 ℃所得热解炭电导率均下降。碱改性后热解炭表面孔隙发达且有清晰的纤维状结构,含氧官能团（—OH）数量增多,除550 ℃椰子壳炭和400 ℃花生壳炭外,其他热解炭电导率均下降。

Abstract

In this study, three core-shell biomass including coconut shell, peanut shell and hazelnut shell were pyrolyzed to prepare pyrolysis carbon under different pyrolysis temperatures （400 ℃, 550 ℃ and 700 ℃）. Then pyrolysis carbons were modified by acid （HNO₃） and alkali （KOH）. The physical and chemical properties including electrical conductivity, element composition, ash content, specific surface area, scanning electron microscope and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） of pyrolysis carbons and modified pyrolysis carbons were characterized. The results show that the effect of pyrolysis temperature on carbon yield of coconut shell is not obvious, while the hazel shell carbon yield is the highest. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the electrical conductivity and contents of ash and fixed carbon of pyrolysis carbons are enhanced. The coconut shell carbon obtained at 700 ℃ achieves the greatest electrical conductivity （6.24×10⁵ μS/cm）. Meanwhile, the carbonization degree of pyrolysis carbon also becomes higher, but the molar ratios of H/C, O/C and （O+N）/C decrease, which indicates the higher stability and aromaticity. Moreover, the pore sizes of pyrolysis carbons decrease slightly while the specific surface area increase significantly. The peanut shell carbon obtained at 700 ℃ achieves the largest specific surface area （393.10 m²/g）. The oxygen-containing functional groups in pyrolysis carbons decrease due to decarboxylate and carbonylation. The acid （HNO₃） and alkali （KOH） modification have significant influences on characteristics of pyrolysis carbon. After acid modification, the surface of pyrolysis carbon becomes more loose and has abundant pore structure, and the number of acidic functional groups （C＝O） increase. The electrical conductivity of pyrolysis carbons obtained at 400 ℃ increase significantly, while those obtained at 550 ℃ and 700 ℃ decrease. After alkali modification, pyrolysis carbons own abundant pores and clear fibrous structures, and the number of oxygen-containing functional groups （—OH） increase. Except for coconut shell carbon obtained at 550 ℃ and peanut shell carbon obtained at 400 ℃, the electrical conductivities of other pyrolysis carbons decrease.

导出引用

张万里, 刘平, 殷广智, 孔天岐, 李润东. 核壳基生物质热解炭特性及其改性研究[J]. 太阳能学报. 2024, 45(6): 10-21 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2023-0296

Zhang Wanli, Liu Ping, Yin Guangzhi, Kong Tianqi, Li Rundong. CHARACTERISTICS AND MODIFICATION OF PYROLYSIS CARBON OF CORE-SHELL BASED BIOMASS[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2024, 45(6): 10-21 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2023-0296

中图分类号： TK16

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