提出并研究考虑转速波动的气隙静偏心故障特征分析,首先对故障特性进行理论分析,使用磁密-电磁力密度法推导得到考虑转速波动前后的气隙周向磁密、磁密随时间变化以及电磁力密度的解析表达,并分析其变化特性。然后,使用Matlab/Simulink-Simplorer-Maxwell 2D建立包括气隙静偏心和发电机组控制模块的双馈风力发电机组模型及转速波动模型。最后,在可模拟双馈风力发电机转速波动和气隙静偏心的实验平台进行实验验证,获得考虑转速波动前后的定子铁芯振动信号,使用基于短时傅里叶变换的同步压缩变换获取振动信号的时频特征。结果表明,考虑转速波动之后,气隙静偏心将导致磁密中存在3k（k=1，2，3...）倍机械转频,电磁力密度和振动信号中存在2f±3kfw（fw为叶轮转频）的频率,通过同步压缩变换可提取到频率分量2f±3kfwt,其中2f±3kfwt是转速波动引起的。
Abstract
This paper proposes and investigates the characteristic analysis of air gap static eccentricity faults considering speed fluctuations. First, a theoretical analysis of the fault characteristics is conducted. Using the magnetic flux density-electromagnetic force density method, analytical expressions for the circumferential air gap magnetic density, time-varying magnetic flux density, and electromagnetic force density are derived before and after considering speed fluctuation, with their variation characteristics analyzed. Then, a doubly-fed wind turbine generator model incorporating air gap static eccentricity and generator control modules, along with a speed fluctuation model, is established using Matlab/Simulink-Simplorer-Maxwell 2D. Finally, experimental validation is performed on a test platform capable of simulating speed fluctuation and air gap static eccentricity in doubly-fed wind turbine generators. Vibration signals from the stator core are acquired before and after considering speed fluctuations, and time-frequency characteristics are extracted using synchrosqueezing transform based on short-time Fourier transform. The results demonstrate that when speed fluctuation is considered, air gap static eccentricity induces 3k (k=1,2,3,... ) multiples of the mechanical rotational frequency in the magnetic flux density. Additionally, electromagnetic force density and vibration signals exhibit frequency components at 2f±3kfw (where fw denotes the impeller rotational frequency). Through synchrosqueezing transform, frequency components 2f±3kfwt can be effectively extracted, where 2f±3kfwt is induced by speed fluctuation.
关键词
风电机组 /
风速 /
故障诊断 /
气隙静偏心 /
定子振动特性 /
同步压缩变换
Key words
wind turbines /
wind speed /
fault diagnosis /
air gap static eccentricity /
vibration characteristics /
synchrosqueezing transform
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52275109; 52105098); 河北省自然科学基金（E2022502007; E2021502038）; 保定市科技计划基础研究专项基金（2172P010）; 河北省研究生创新能力培养资助项目（CXZZBS2023151）
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