为研究风力机气动载荷对不同热稳定性大气边界层的响应,该文通过大涡模拟方法实现了不同大气稳定性下入流条件的模拟,然后通过数值模拟计算NREL 1.5 MW风力机在不同大气稳定性下的气动载荷,并对其进行连续小波分析、频谱分析和统计特征分析。结果表明：大气稳定性对风力机气动载荷有显著影响,对流、中性和稳定天气条件下风力机功率和气动载荷的波动均与流向风速呈明显的正相关关系,但不同大气热稳定条件下功率和气动载荷对来流风速的响应频率不同,对流、中性和稳定条件下的响应频段分别为0.02~0.04、0.03~0.06和0.00~0.02 Hz,且对流条件下载荷波动最激烈,稳定条件下波动最小;对流和中性条件下瞬时功率波动可达1289.90和1132.40 kW,挥舞力矩波动可达1229.90和1103.40 kN·m。可见,在风力机功率和气动载荷预测时考虑大气稳定性的影响,可使评估结果更精准,有利于风力机的安全运行。
Abstract
In order to investigate the impact of different atmospheric stabilities on the aerodynamic loads of wind turbines, large-eddy simulation （LES） is utilized to simulate the inflow conditions representative of various stability regimes. The atmospheric load response of the NREL 1.5 MW wind turbine to these stability conditions is then calculated using numerical simulation, followed by continuous wavelet analysis, spectral analysis, and statistical feature analysis of the aerodynamic loads. The results show there are significant influences of atmospheric stability on wind turbine aerodynamic loads. Both power and aerodynamic load fluctuations of the wind turbine demonstrate pronounced positive correlations with streamwise wind velocity under convective, neutral, and stable atmospheric conditions. However, the response frequency of the power and load to the inflow under different atmospheric thermal stabilities are different, with response bands of 0.02-0.04 Hz, 0.03-0.06 Hz, and 0.00-0.02 Hz for convective, neutral, and steady boundary layers, respectively. The load fluctuations are most pronounced under convective conditions, and smallest under stable conditions. The transient power fluctuation of wind turbine can respective reach 1289.90 kW and 1132.40 kW under convection and neutral thermal stabilities, while that of blade root flapwise moment are 1229.90 kN·m and 1103.40 kN·m, respectively. The results show a more accuracy estimation of turbine power and load can be obtained when takes into consideration the influence of atmospheric stability, which is conducive to the safe operation of wind turbines.
关键词
风力机 /
大气稳定性 /
气动载荷 /
频谱分析 /
小波分析
Key words
wind turbines /
atmospheric stability /
aerodynamic loads /
spectral analysis /
wavelet analysis
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52276197; 11902131）; 甘肃省重点研发计划（23YFGA0069）
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