针对稳态工况下运行的陆上风力机叶片载荷测试和识别问题,首先基于等效疲劳载荷理论,结合应变载荷测量技术设计载荷测试方案,根据载荷测量要求进行数据采集、传感器布置和标定,搭建叶片载荷监测系统;其次,在叶片监测系统中通过应变片获得稳态工况下的测试载荷,同步采集测风塔、雷达等风特性信息以及数据采集与监视控制（SCADA）系统获得风力机控制状态信息,并根据风速俘获矩阵模拟得到仿真载荷;由于测试载荷数据时长与设计载荷时长不同,为便于比较,将设计载荷、测试载荷、仿真载荷都转换为1 Hz下的等效疲劳载荷进行对比。结果表明：同一截面测试载荷与设计载荷比值在104.0%~130.2%区间,符合叶片载荷设计安全裕量,同一截面测试载荷与仿真载荷比值差异较大,说明稳态工况下载荷监测的动态变化与湍流强度强相关,有必要监测风剪切和湍流参数以反映实际载荷有效防止过载运行。
Abstract
The problem of blade load testing and identification are discussed for onshore wind turbines operating under steady state conditions. Firstly, the load test scheme is designed based on the equivalent fatigue load theory and strain load measurement technology. According to the load measurement requirements, data acquisition, sensor layout and calibration are carried out to build the blade monitoring system. Secondly, the strain gauges are used in the blade monitoring system to obtain the test load under steady state conditions. In the blade monitoring system, the wind characteristic information from wind tower and radar is collected synchronously. At the same time, the wind turbine control state information is obtained by the SCADA system. The simulation load is obtained according to the wind speed capture matrix. Since the test load data duration is different from that of the design load, the design load, test load and simulation load are converted to equivalent fatigue load at 1Hz for comparison. The results show that the ratio of test load and design load of the same section is in the range of 104.0%-130.2%, which meets the safety margin of blade load design. The test load and simulation load of the same section are quite different, indicating that the dynamic change of load monitoring under steady state condition is strongly related to turbulence intensity. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor wind shear and turbulence parameters to reflect the actual load, which can prevent overload operation effectively.
关键词
风力机叶片 /
载荷测试 /
应变测量 /
稳态工况 /
等效疲劳载荷
Key words
wind turbine blades /
load testing /
strain measurement /
steady state condition /
equivalent fatigue load
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52175105）; 辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目（JYTMS20231218）; 沈阳市科学技术计划项目（23407321）
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