基于2016—2023年中国170个气象站逐小时气温、气压、相对湿度、能见度等观测数据,通过SMARTS模式计算定日镜到吸热器间距内大气透射率（AT）,选取代表站进行能见度和相对湿度敏感性实验,结果表明：全国定日镜到吸热器1 km距离内平均AT基本处于70%~90%,太阳能资源丰富的青藏高原、西北地区、内蒙古以及东北部分地区的AT较高,在85%以上;各代表站日出之后AT迅速下降,随后缓慢升高,最低值普遍出现在上午,气候平均能见度越低的站点AT日变化幅度越大;AT季节变化明显,夏半年高、冬半年低。敏感性实验结果表明,AT随能见度的增加呈对数函数曲线增长;除能见度之外,其他要素对AT的影响也与能见度有关,能见度越低,AT对其他因素变化越敏感;AT随相对湿度的增加而减小。
Abstract
Based on the hourly observations of surface temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, visibility, and other data from 170 meteorological stations in China from 2016 to 2023, the atmospheric transmittance under different distances between heliostats and receivers was calculated using the SMARTS model. A sensitivity experiment was conducted on typical representative stations. The average atmospheric transmittance under a distance of 1km between heliostats and receivers nationwide is generally between 70% and 90%. Regions with abundant solar energy resources, such as the Tibetan Plateau, northwest China, Inner Mongolia, and parts of northeast China, have higher atmospheric transmittance, exceeding 85%. After sunrise, the atmospheric transmittance at each representative station rapidly decreases and then gradually increases, with the lowest values appearing in the morning. Stations with lower visibility exhibit greater daily variations in atmospheric transmittance. Atmospheric transmittance is higher in the summer half-year and lower in the winter half-year. The sensitivity experiments indicate that atmospheric transmittance increases logarithmically with visibility. The impacts of other factors on atmospheric transmittance are also related to visibility. Lower visibility increases the sensitivity of atmospheric transmittance to changes in other factors. Atmospheric transmittance decreases with increasing relative humidity.
关键词
太阳能 /
太阳辐照度 /
数值模拟 /
太阳能热发电 /
大气透射率 /
敏感性分析
Key words
solar energy /
solar irradiance /
numerical simulation /
solar thermal electric /
atmospheric transmittance /
sensitivity analysis
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基金
北京市自然科学基金（8244076）; 国家自然科学基金（42075188）; 中国气象服务协会气象科技创新平台项目（CMSA2024MB011）; 新疆“天池英才”引进计划（2023）
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