针对采用双轴支架跟踪太阳光照的光伏阵列在日出日落时间段内可能产生的前后阴影遮挡问题,提出一种提升发电量的逆跟踪轨迹优化方法。首先基于太阳位置算法（SPA）计算全天太阳实时位置与日出日落时间,对比SunCalc气象数据进行验证。而后,建立支架旋转几何模型,推导并对比逆跟踪与无逆跟踪轨迹;根据单个光伏组件阴影遮挡实验数据,拟合特定条件下的遮挡比例-功率损失关系公式。为验证公式的正确性,基于HDKR各向异性辐照度模型计算不同太阳位置、旋转角度及遮挡比例下的峰值功率,并与测量值对比,最终求解峰值功率对应的最佳旋转角,实现逆跟踪轨迹优化。组件全天发电量与电机旋转耗电量的统计结果表明,优化后的逆跟踪轨迹减少功率损失,较优化前发电量进一步提升,同时驱动电机耗电量基本保持不变。
Abstract
This paper proposes a backtracking trajectory optimization method to improve power generation for photovoltaic array that uses dual-axis bracket to track sunlight, which may cause the front and rear shadow during the sunrise and sunset period. Firstly, the real-time position of the sun and the time of sunrise and sunset throughout a whole day are calculated based on the SPA algorithm, with the SunCalc meteorological data being compared for verification. Then, the bracket rotation geometry model is established to derive and compare the backtracking and non-backtracking trajectories, and the shading ratio-power loss relationship formula under specific conditions is fitted based on the shadow shading experimental datum of a single photovoltaic component. To verify this formula, the peak power values corresponding to different sun positions, rotation angles and shading ratios are calculated based on the HDKR anisotropic irradiance model, which are compared with the measured values. Finally, to achieve backtracking trajectory optimization, the optimal rotation angle corresponding to the maximum power value is solved. The statistical result of the component's power generation and motor rotation power consumption throughout a whole day shows that the optimized backtracking trajectory reduces power loss and further improves power generation than that before being optimized, while the power consumption of the driver motor remains basically unchanged.
关键词
光伏发电 /
光伏阵列 /
阴影遮挡 /
跟踪 /
双轴 /
辐照度
Key words
photovoltaic power /
photovoltaic array /
shadow occlusion /
tracking /
dual-axis /
irradiance
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52167017）; 江西省自然科学基金（20224BAB204054）
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