为定量分析不同气动弹性模型对风力机支撑结构响应的影响,以IEA 15 MW风力机为研究对象,基于叶素动量理论与广义动态入流理论,几何精确梁方法与模态叠加法,构建了4类气动弹性模型,并通过开源软件OpenFAST计算常规运行工况与极端停机工况时不同气动弹性模型的塔顶位移与桩基弯矩。结果表明：风速为11 m/s时,选用叶素动量理论构建叶片气动模型,基于几何精确梁计算所得的塔顶前后位移小于模态法达34.89%;此外,几何精确梁模型的桩基弯矩波动幅度在常规运行工况下均大于模态法模型。同时,对比模态法模型,几何精确梁模型能更准确预测支撑结构动态响应,但其对计算步长精度要求也更高。此外,结构模型结果差异在极端海况下尤为显著,当风速为50 m/s时,几何精确梁模型的塔顶位移与桩基弯矩的幅值与波动幅度均显著大于模态法模型。
Abstract
In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of various aeroelastic models on the response for wind turbine support structures, the IEA 15 MW wind turbine is taken as the researoh object in this paper. Four types of aeroelastic models are developed based on Blade Element-Momentum theory （BEM）, Generalized Dynamic Wake （GDW）, Geometrically Exact Beam theory （GEBT） and Model Superposition Method （MSM）. The tower-top displacement and bending moments at the pile base are investigated and compared under typical operational and extreme parked conditions using the open-source software OpenFAST. The results show that the blade model based on GEBT results in a 34.89% reduction in tower-top displacement compared to that achieved by MSM under the wind speed of 11 m/s. The fluctuation of standard deviations of bending moments at the pile base based on GEBT is larger than that using MSM. The GEBT model is able to predict the dynamic response of the support structure more accurately in contrast with the MSM model, albeit requiring greater computational accuracy in time steps. Additionally, the discrepancies between structural models under the extreme sea conditions are notably significant. Specifically, the tower-top displacement and bending moments at the pile base of the GEBT model are more dramatic and severe than those of the MSM model under the wind speed of 50 m/s.
关键词
风能 /
海上风力机 /
柔性叶片 /
气动弹性 /
结构动力学 /
几何精确梁
Key words
wind energy /
offshore wind turbines /
flexible blades /
aeroelasticity /
structural dynamics /
geometrically exact beam theory
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFE0102000）; 中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目（202303059）; 高等学校学科创新引智计划（111计划）“跨海大桥安全保障与智能运行学科创新引智基地（D21013）”
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