分布式光伏无约束地接入配电网势必会影响电网安全。为此,提出基于电压灵敏度改进的蒙特卡罗重要性抽样方法,并考虑光伏和负荷时序特性,评估安全与能效约束下分布式光伏的最大准入容量。建立计及系统能效的配电网安全域模型,以馈线作为最小评估区域,利用二分K-均值聚类法,通过电压灵敏度指标和节点电压对光伏待接入节点进行聚类分析。依据聚类结果,采用蒙特卡罗重要性抽样方法,构造新的概率模型随机生成光伏部署场景,实现安全域内所有区域光伏最大准入容量评估。仿真结果表明：在采用计及系统能效的安全域模型后,评估所得的光伏最大准入容量较常规安全域只减少0.39%,系统能效却上升4.82%,提升系统的运行效率;所提方法的评估精度相较于解析优化算法提升12.41%,在相同精度的情况下所需部署场景数较传统的蒙特卡罗模拟法减少近60%,提高配电网的最大光伏准入容量评估的精度和效率。
Abstract
The unconstrained access of distributed PV to the distribution network inevitably affect the security of the power grid. Therefore, a Monte Carlo importance sampling method based on voltage sensitivity is proposed, which considers the timing characteristics of PV and load to evaluate the maximum access capacity of distributed PV under security and energy efficiency constraints. A distribution network security domain model considering the energy efficiency of the system is established, and taking the feeder as the minimum evaluation zone. Then the bisecting K-means is used to perform cluster analysis on the PV nodes to be connected based on the voltage sensitivity index and node voltage. According to the clustering results, a Monte Carlo importance sampling method is used to construct a new probabilistic model to randomly generate PV deployment scenarios, which realizes the evaluation of the maximum access capacity of PV in all zones in the security region. The simulation results show that after adopting the security region considering system energy efficiency, the maximum access capacity of PV is only reduced by 0.39% compared to the conventional security region, while the system energy efficiency increases by 4.82%, which improves the system operational efficiency. The evaluation accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 12.41% compared with the analytical optimization algorithm, and the number of deployment scenarios required is reduced by nearly 60% compared to the traditional Monte Carlo simulation method under the same accuracy, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of the evaluation of the maximum PV access capacity of the distribution network.
关键词
分布式光伏 /
安全约束 /
容量评估 /
电压灵敏度 /
蒙特卡罗重要性抽样
Key words
distributed photovoltaic /
security constraint /
capacity assessment /
voltage sensitivity /
Monte Carlo importance sampling
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基金
湖南省自然科学基金优秀青年项目（2023JJ20039）; 国家自然科学基金（52007009）; 南方电网公司科技项目（GDKJXM20231017）
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