构建湍流、偏航、剪切流、塔影4种非定常脉动源,采用大涡模拟（LES）研究非定常脉动源对风力机翼型攻角和气动力非定常特性的影响。研究表明,偏航和风剪切工况下,攻角和升力系数均呈现近似正余弦波动规律;塔影工况下,攻角和升力系数在方位角180°附近急剧下降;而湍流工况下,攻角在时间和空间维度上均呈现随机性。除风剪切外,其余工况下攻角和升力系数的波动程度大致由叶尖至叶根增大。非定常脉动源导致压力面与吸力面前缘的压力波动幅度显著增大,且越靠近叶尖,增幅越明显;此外,叶片吸力面上的压力波动大于压力面。湍流是导致叶片攻角、升力系数及压力波动最大的非定常脉动源,其来流速度谱在惯性子区内呈现-5/3的斜率,输出功率谱呈现-11/3的斜率,二者斜率之间存在非线性相互作用,另外在前缘附近湍流下的压力波动呈现较强的周期性,且对大尺度湍流响应更强烈。
Abstract
Four unsteady pulsation sources including turbulence, yaw, shear flow and tower shadow are constructed, and large eddy simulation was used to study the influence of the unsteady pulsation sources on the angle of attack and aerodynamic unsteady characteristics of the wind turbine airfoil. The study shows that under yaw and wind shear conditions, the angle of attack and lift coefficient both show an approximate sine and cosine fluctuation pattern. Under tower shadow conditions, the angle of attack and lift coefficient drop sharply near an azimuth angle of 180°. Under turbulence conditions, the angle of attack shows randomness in both time and space dimensions. Except for wind shear, the fluctuation amplitude of the angle of attack and lift coefficient under other working conditions increases roughly from the tip to the root of the blade. The unsteady pulsation source greatly increases the pressure fluctuations on the leading edge of the pressure side and the suction side, and the increase is more obvious as it approaches the blade tip; In addition, the pressure fluctuation on the suction side of the blade is greater than that on the pressure side. Turbulence is an unsteady pulsation source that induces most significant fluctuations in the blade angle of attack, lift coefficient, and pressure. The incoming velocity spectrum shows a slope of -5/3 in the inertial subrange, while the output power spectrum shows a slope of -11/3. There exists a nonlinear interaction between these two slopes. Furthermore, the pressure fluctuations caused by turbulence near the leading edge exhibit strong periodicity and respond more intensely to large-scale turbulence.
关键词
风力机 /
非定常 /
升力 /
攻角 /
压力 /
湍流
Key words
wind turbines /
unsteady /
lift /
angle of attack /
pressure /
turbulence
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52466015）; 甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划（2022CYZC-27）
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