以多层绝热结构低温液氢容器为研究对象,基于逐层传热算法（Layer-by-Layer,LBL）理论构建多层绝热低温容器三维等效传热模型,分析不同真空度下液氢容器各结构温度分布特性,揭示真空度对液氢容器传热特性的影响机理,进而构建真空失效工况与温度分布规律的关联关系。研究结果表明：液氢容器两侧封头温度高于中央罐体区域。当真空度为10-2~1 Pa时,液氢容器中多层绝热结构主要依赖热辐射进行传热。当夹层真空度由1 Pa逐渐失效至104 Pa时,热传导效应开始体现并逐渐占据传热主导地位,外容器壁面温度从291.34 K降至275.78 K。当真空度由104 Pa失效至105 Pa时,绝热结构内气体分子数目增多,真空层内高低温气体分子团流动加剧,显著促进对流换热在热量传递中的作用,进而导致外容器外壁面温度转为上升趋势,增幅约4.01 K。真空度与温度分布规律的关联关系将有助于探究真空失效对传热机理的影响规律,并实现多层绝热液氢容器的真空度监测。
Abstract
Taking a multi-layer insulation structure cryogenic liquid hydrogen tank as the research object, an equivalent heat transfer model of the insulation structure was constructed based on the Layer by Layer theory. The temperature distribution characteristics of each structure of the liquid hydrogen tank under different vacuum degrees were analyzed, revealing the mechanism of the influence of vacuum degree on the heat transfer characteristics of the liquid hydrogen tank. The correlation between vacuum failure conditions and temperature distribution laws was then established. The results show that the temperature of the head on both sides of the liquid hydrogen tank is higher than that of the central tank area. When the vacuum degree is 10-2~1 Pa, the multi-layer insulation structure in the liquid hydrogen tank mainly relies on thermal radiation for heat transfer. When the vacuum degree of the interlayer gradually fails from 1 Pa to 104 Pa, the heat conduction effect begins to manifest and gradually dominates the heat transfer, and the wall temperature of the outer tank will decrease from 291.34 K to 275.78 K. When the vacuum degree deteriorates from 104 Pa to 105 Pa, the number of gas molecules in the adiabatic structure increases, and the flow of high and low-temperature gas molecules in the vacuum layer intensifies, which significantly promotes the role of convection heat transfer in heat transfer, resulting in a temperature rise of about 4.01 K on the outer wall surface of the liquid hydrogen tank. The correlation between vacuum degree and temperature distribution will help to explore the impact of vacuum failure on the heat transfer mechanism and achieve vacuum monitoring for multi-layer insulated liquid hydrogen tanks.
关键词
真空度 /
温度分布 /
传热特性 /
液氢容器 /
多层绝热
Key words
vacuum /
temperature distribution /
heat transfer performance /
liquid hydrogen tank /
multi-layer insulation
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52476029）; 上海市科技计划项目（24DZ2201700）
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